Umayyad
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A Great Compilation of Fatwa
The Great Compilation of Fatwa (Arabic: Majmu al-Fatwa al-Kubra) is a collection of religious tracts written by the 13th century Sunni Islamic scholar Ibn Taymiyyah.Abassid
The Abbasid Caliphate (Arabic: العبّاسيّون, al-‘Abbāsīyūn) was the third of the Islamic Caliphates of the Islamic Empire. It was ruled by the Abbasid dynasty of caliphs, who built their capital in Baghdad after overthrowing the Umayyad caliphs from all but Al Andalus.Abbasid
The Abbasid Caliphate (Arabic: العبّاسيّون, al-‘Abbāsīyūn) was the third of the Islamic Caliphates of the Islamic Empire. It was ruled by the Abbasid dynasty of caliphs, who built their capital in Baghdad after overthrowing the Umayyad caliphs from all but Al Andalus.Abbasid Caliphate
The Abbasid Caliphate (Arabic: العبّاسيّون, al-‘Abbāsīyūn) was the third of the Islamic Caliphates of the Islamic Empire. It was ruled by the Abbasid dynasty of caliphs, who built their capital in Baghdad after overthrowing the Umayyad caliphs from all but Al Andalus.Abd-Allah ibn al-Zubayr
Abd Allah al-Zubayr or Ibn Zubayr or Abdullah ibn az-Zubayr' (Arabic: عبد الله بن الزبير; 624 - 692) was an Arab sahabi whose father was Zubayr ibn al-Awwam, and whose mother was Asma bint Abi Bakr, daughter of the first Caliph Abu Bakr. He was the nephew of Aisha, Prophet Muhammad's third wife.Abd Manaf ibn Qusai
‘Abdu Manāf ibn Quṣayy (Arabic: عبد مناف بن قصي) was a Quraishi and great-great-grandfather of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and Ali. His father was Quṣayy ibn Kilāb.Abd Shams ibn Abd Manaf
Abd Shams ibn Abd Manaf (Arabic: عبد شمس بن عبد مناف) was a prominent member of the Quraish tribe of Mecca in modern-day Saudi Arabia. The Banu Abd Shams sub-clan of the Quraish tribe and their descendants take its name from him.Abd al-Malik
Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (646-705) (Arabic: عبد الملك بن مروان) was the 5th Umayyad Caliph. He was born in Mecca and grew up in Medinah ( both are cities in modern day Saudi Arabia ). Abd al-Malik was a well-educated man and capable ruler, despite the many political problems that impeded his rule. Ibn Khaldun states: “Abdul Malik Ibn Marwan is one of the greatest Arab and Muslim Caliphs. He followed in the footsteps of `Umar Ibn Al-Khattab, the Commander of the Believers, in regulating state affairs.”Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan
Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (646-705) (Arabic: عبد الملك بن مروان) was the 5th Umayyad Caliph. He was born in Mecca and grew up in Medinah ( both are cities in modern day Saudi Arabia ). Abd al-Malik was a well-educated man and capable ruler, despite the many political problems that impeded his rule. Ibn Khaldun states: “Abdul Malik Ibn Marwan is one of the greatest Arab and Muslim Caliphs. He followed in the footsteps of `Umar Ibn Al-Khattab, the Commander of the Believers, in regulating state affairs.”Abd ar-Rahman I
Abd ar-Rahman I (Arabic: عبد الرحمن الداخل; known as "the Immigrant", also the "Falcon of Andalus" or "The Falcon of the Quraish"[1]; 731 - 788) was the founder of the Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba (755)[2], a Muslim dynasty that ruled the greater part of Iberia for nearly three centuries (including the succeeding Caliphate of Córdoba). The Muslims called the regions of Iberia under their dominion al-Andalus. Abd ar-Rahman's establishment of a government in al-Andalus represented a branching from the rest of the Islamic Empire, which had been usurped by the Abbasid overthrow of the Umayyads from Damascus in 750.Abd ar-Rahman II
Abd ar-Rahman II (Arabic: عبد الرحمن الثاني; 788 - 852) was Umayyad Emir of Cordoba in the Al-Andalus (Moorish Iberia) from 822 until his death.Abd ar-Rahman III
Abd-ar-Rahman III (Abd al-Rahmān ibn Muhammad ibn Abd Allāh; Arabic: عبد الرحمن الثالث; 11 January 889/91[1] – 15 October 961) was the Emir and Caliph of Córdoba (912–961) of the Ummayad dynasty in al-Andalus. Called al-Nasir ("the Defender [of the Faith]"), he ascended the throne when he was twenty-two years of age and reigned for half a century as the most powerful prince of Iberia.[2] Although under his rule, people of all creeds enjoyed tolerance and freedom of religion, he repelled the Fatimids, partly by supporting their enemies in Ifriqiya, and partly by claiming the title Caliph (ruler of the Islamic world) for himself.Abd ar-Rahman IV
Abd ar-Rahman IV Mortada (عبدالرحمن) was the Caliph of Cordoba in the Umayyad dynasty of the Al-Andalus (Moorish Iberia), succeeding Suleiman II, in 1018. That same year, he was murdered at Cadiz while fleeing from a battle in which he had been deserted by the very supporters which had brought him into power. His brief reign was similar to that of Abd ar-Rahman V Mostadir.Abd ar-Rahman V
(Arabic: عبد الرحمن الخامس) In the agony of the Umayyad dynasty in the Al-Andalus (Moorish Iberia), two princes of the house were proclaimed Caliph of Cordoba for a very short time, Abd-ar-Rahman IV Mortada (1017), and Abd-ar-Rahman V Mostadir (1023-1024). Both were the mere puppets of factions, who deserted them at once. Abd-ar-Rahman IV was murdered the same year he was proclaimed at Cadiz, in flight from a battle in which he had been deserted by his supporters. Abd-ar-Rahman V was proclaimed caliph in December 1023 at Córdoba, and murdered in January 1024 by a mob of unemployed workmen, headed by one of his own cousins.Abdallah ibn Muhammad
Abdullah ibn Muhammad (عبد الله بن محمد; January 11, 844 - October 15, 912) of the Umayyad dynasty, was the seventh Emir of Córdoba, reigning from 888 to 912 in the Al-Andalus (Moorish Iberia).Abdullah ibn Saad
‘Abdullāh ibn Sa‘ad ibn Abī as-Sarḥ (Arabic: عبدالله بن سعد بن أبي السرح) was the foster brother of Uthman. His father was Saad ibn Abi Sarh.Abdullah bin Sa'ad bin Abi'l Sarh built a strong Egyptian Arab navy. Under him the Muslim navy won a number of naval victories including its first major naval battle against Constans II at the Battle of the Masts in 655 CE. Abdullah bin Sa'ad bin Abi'l Sarh was the Governor of Egypt at the time. One of his achievements while governor of Egypt, was the capture of Tripoli in 647 whereby he brought Libya into the folds of Islamic Empire.Abu Muslim
Abu Muslim Abd al-Rahman ibn Muslim al-Khorasani (Persian: ابو مسلم خراسانى, Arabic: أبو مسلم عبد الرحمن بن مسلم الخراساني, c. 700 - 755) was an Abbasid general of Persian origin, born in city of Balkh in Khorasan (modern-day Afghanistan) who led the first liberal movement against the Umayyad dynasty.Abu Sufiyan ibn Harb
Sakhr ibn Harb (Arabic: صخر بن حرب), more commonly known as Abu Sufyan (560-650), was a leading man of the Quraish of Mecca. He was a staunch opponent of the Arabian prophet Muhammad before accepting Islam later in his life.[citation needed]Abu Sufyan ibn Harb
Sakhr ibn Harb (Arabic: صخر بن حرب), more commonly known as Abu Sufyan (560-650), was a leading man of the Quraish of Mecca. He was a staunch opponent of the Arabian prophet Muhammad before accepting Islam later in his life.[citation needed]Aghlabids
The Aghlabids (Arabic: الأغالبة) were a dynasty of emirs, members of the Arab tribe of Bani Tamim, who ruled Ifriqiya, nominally on behalf of the Abbasid Caliph, for about a century, until overthrown by the new power of the Fatimids.Ahmad ibn Yahya al-Baladhuri
Ahmad Ibn Yahya al-Baladhuri Arabic (أحمد بن يحيى بن جابر البلاذري) was an 9th century Persian historian. One of the eminent middle-eastern historians of his age , he spent most of his life in Baghdad and enjoyed great influence at the court of the caliph al-Mutawakkil. He traveled in Syria and Iraq, compiling information for his major works. He is regarded as a reliable source for the history of the early Arabs and the history of Muslim expansion.[3]Aksumite Empire
The Aksumite Empire or Axumite Empire (sometimes called the Kingdom of Aksum or Axum), (Ge'ez: አክሱም), was an important trading nation in northeastern Africa, growing from the proto-Aksumite period ca. 4th century BC to achieve prominence by the 1st century AD. Its ancient capital is found in northern Ethiopia. The Kingdom used the name "Ethiopia" as early as the 4th century.[2][3] It is also the alleged resting place of the Ark of the Covenant and the purported home of the Queen of Sheba. Aksum was also the first major empire to convert to Christianity.Al-Hajjaj bin Yousef
Al-Ḥajjāj ibn Yūsuf (Arabic: الحجاج بن يوسف, also known as Al-Ḥajjāj ibn Yūsuf al-Kulayb; early June 661-714) was an Arab administrator and politician during the Umayyad Caliphate. His given name was Kulayb but he changed it to al-Ḥajjāj ('The Pilgrim') before being appointed Governor of Iraq. Prior to becoming governor of Iraq he was a teacher of the Qur'an and used this knowledge to convince the caliph and his subordinates of his tactics. He translated Euclid's Elements into Arabic.[1]Al-Hakam II
Al-Hakam II (al-Ḥakam II ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān III; Arabic: الحكم الثاني; January 13, 915 - October 16, 976) was Caliph of Cordoba, in the Al-Andalus (Moorish Iberia), and son of Abd-ar-rahman III (al-Nasir). He ruled from 961 to 976.Al-Mundhir
Al-Mundhir (Arabic: المنذر ; c. 842 – 888) was Emir of Córdoba from 886 to 888. He was a member of the Umayyad dynasty of Al-Andalus (Moorish Iberia), the son of Muhamad bin Abd al-Rahman.Al-Walid I
Al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik (Arabic: الوليد بن عبد الملك) or Al-Walid I (668 - 715) was an Umayyad caliph who ruled from 705 - 715. He continued the expansion of the Islamic empire that was sparked by his father, and was an effective ruler. His father Abd al-Malik had taken the oath of allegiance for Walid I during his lifetime [1].[unreliable source?]. As such the succession of Al-Walid I was not contested. His reign was marked by endless successions of conquests east and west.Al-Walid II
Walid ibn Yazid or Walid II (died April 16, 744) (Arabic: الوليد بن يزيد) was an Umayyad caliph who ruled from 743 until 744. He succeeded his uncle, Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik.