Template talk:Did you know

This page is for nominations to appear in the "Did you know" section on the Main Page.

Purge

Instructions

Using a DYK suggestion string (see below examples), list new suggestions in the candidate entries section below under the date the article was created or the expansion began (not the date you submit it here), with the newest dates at the top. Any user may nominate a DYK suggestion; self-nominations are permitted and encouraged. Thanks for participating and please remember to check back for comments on your nomination.

DYK criteria

How to list a new nomination

Please use one of the below strings to post your DYK nomination, using the "author" and "nominator" fields to identify the users who should receive credit for their contributions if the hook is featured on the main page.
Do not wikilink the article title, or the author and nominator usernames; the template will wikilink them automatically.
Do not list a "nominator" if it is a self nom; leave that field blank.
Do not add a section heading if you are using the template; the template will add one for you.
Do not include a signature (~~~~) after the template.
Do not use non-free images in your hook suggestion.
Do wikilink words in the hook.

1. New Article, self nom: {{subst:NewDYKnom | article= | hook=... that ? | status=new | author=}}
2. Expansion, self nom: {{subst:NewDYKnom| article= | hook=... that ? | status=expanded | author= | nominator= }}
3. New Article by someone else: {{subst:NewDYKnom | article= | hook=... that ? | status=new | author= | nominator=}}
4. Nom with comments or image: {{subst:NewDYKnom|article=|hook=... that ?|status=|author=|nominator=|image=|rollover=|comment=}}
5. Nom with a sound file: {{subst:NewDYKnom|article=|hook=... that ?|status=|author=|nominator=|sound=Example.ogg|soundcaption=Very brief}}
6. Nom with a video file: {{subst:NewDYKnom|article=|hook=... that ?|status=|author=|nominator=|video=Example.ogg|videocaption=Very brief}}
7. Other parameters:

   To include more than one new or expanded article in a single hook: |article2= |article3= |article4= | (etc)

   To include more than one author: |author2= |author3= | (etc)

   To include alternate hooks: |ALT1= |ALT2= | (etc)

An example of how to use the template is given below. Don't forget to fill out the rollover text, so people know what the image is of! Full details are at {{NewDYKnom}}:

{{subst:NewDYKnom
 | article       = Example
 | status        = new<!--(or) expanded-->
 | hook          = ... that this [[article]] is an '''[[example]]''' ''(pictured)''?
 | author        = User
 | nominator     =
 | image         = Example.png
 | rollover      = An example image
 | comment       =
}}

• Note that you should only use one of the above templates for the original hook. If you want to suggest a second, alternative hook for the same article submission, just type it in manually. The above templates output useful code for each submission and if you employ them for alternative hooks, you will mess up the page formatting.
• When saving your suggestion, please add the name of the suggested article to your edit summary.
• Please check back for comments on your nomination. Responding to reasonable objections will help ensure that your article is listed.
• If you nominate someone else's article, you can use {{subst:DYKNom}} to notify them. Usage: {{subst:DYKNom|Article name}}
• If a reviewer finds problem(s) that require that an issue be addressed, notify the nominator with {{DYKproblem}}.

How to review a nomination

Any editor who was not involved in writing/expanding or nominating an article may review it by checking to see that the article meets all the DYK criteria (long enough, new enough, no serious editorial or content issues) and the hook is cited. Editors may also alter the suggested hook to improve it, or may suggest new hooks.

If you want to confirm that an article is ready to be placed on a later update, or note that there is an issue with the article or hook, you may use the following symbols (optional) to point the issues out:

Symbol	Code	DYK Ready?	Description
	{{subst:DYKtick}}	Yes	No problems, ready for DYK
	{{subst:DYKtickAGF}}	Yes	Article is ready for DYK, with a foreign-language or offline hook reference accepted in good faith
	{{subst:DYK?}}	Query	DYK eligibility requires that an issue be addressed. Notify nominator with {{subst:DYKproblem|Article}}
	{{subst:DYK?no}}	Maybe	DYK eligibility requires additional work. Notify nominator with {{subst:DYKproblem|Article}}
	{{subst:DYKno}}	No	Article is either completely ineligible, or else requires considerable work before becoming eligible

Please consider using {{subst:DYKproblem|Article|header=yes|sig=yes}} on the nominator's talk page, in case they do not notice that there is an issue.

Backlogged?

This page often seems to be backlogged. If the DYK template has not been updated for substantially more than 6 hours, it may be useful to attract the attention of one of the administrators who regularly updates the template. See the page Wikipedia:Did you know/Admins for a list of administrators who have volunteered to help with this project.

Where is my hook?

If you can't find the hook you submitted to this page, in most cases it means your article has been approved and is in the queue for display on the main page. You can check whether your hook has been moved to the queue by reviewing the queue listings.

If your hook is not in the queue or already on the main page, it has probably been deleted. Deletion occurs if the hook is more than about eight days old and has unresolved issues for which any discussion has gone stale. If you think your hook has been unfairly deleted, you can query its deletion on the discussion page, but as a general rule deleted hooks will only be restored in exceptional circumstances.

Candidate entries

Articles created/expanded on January 4

Henry Ford Square House

• ... that Henry Ford built his Honeymoon House (pictured) from plans drawn by his wife Clara, using wood he cut and finished himself? Created by Andrew Jameson (talk). Self nom at 18:17, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Guido Goldschmiedt

• ...that the Austrian chemist Guido Goldschmiedt determined the structure of the opium alkaloid papaverine in 1889? 5x expanded by Stone (talk). Self nom at 17:27, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Wolf Erlbruch

• ... that Hans Christian Andersen Award-winning author and illustrator Wolf Erlbruch illustrated his first book so his son could boast, "Look, my papa made a children's book"? 5x expanded by Drmies (talk). Nominated by Drmies (talk) at 16:40, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Melquisedet Angulo Córdova

• ... that one day after Mexican soldier Melquisedet Angulo Córdova was honored as a hero at his funeral, his mother and three relatives were gunned down in retaliation by drug cartel hitmen? Created by Hunter Kahn (talk). Nominated by Hunter Kahn (talk) at 16:22, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Hook length, article date, source fact verified. I linked drug cartel. Sasata (talk)

Carlos Beltrán Leyva

• ...that Carlos Beltrán Leyva, alleged drug lord with the Mexican drug trafficking Beltrán-Leyva Cartel, was arrested two weeks after his brother Arturo was shot to death? Created by Hunter Kahn (talk). Nominated by Hunter Kahn (talk) at 16:19, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Pilumnus hirtellus

• ... that an inch-long bristly crab can carry 4000 eggs? Created by Stemonitis (talk). Nominated by Stemonitis (talk) at 13:57, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Source says that they spawn up to 4000 eggs, but doesn't mention "carry". Sasata (talk) 16:24, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Comment: As it happens, all crabs carry their eggs before they hatch, but I accept that this wasn't clear. I have added a further reference which should help clarify that eggs are indeed carried by the females (described as "ovigerous" or "berried") before hatching. I hope this helps. --Stemonitis (talk) 16:37, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

The People's Manifesto

• ... that amongst the policies included in The People's Manifesto created by British satirist Mark Thomas (pictured) include introducing a maximum wage and renaming Windsor "Lower Slough"? Created/expanded by ISD (talk). Nominated by ISD (talk) at 13:53, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

The Last Theorem

• ... that in The Last Theorem, science fiction author Arthur C. Clarke (pictured) moved the equator north to Sri Lanka to allow for the building of a space elevator there? 5x expanded by Bruce1ee (talk). Self nom at 13:27, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Lina Congo

• ... that in 1965 Air Congo (Brazzaville) was renamed to avoid confusion with an airline of the same name from Zaïre? 5x expanded by Russavia (talk). Nominated by Russavia (talk) at 09:08, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Polytolypa

• ... that the fungal genus Polytolypa is known from a single specimen found growing on dung of the North American porcupine (pictured)? 5x expanded by Sasata (talk). Nominated by Sasata (talk) at 09:00, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Aspect weaver

• ... that using a dynamic aspect weaver has been shown to improve the performance of aspect-oriented software by 26%? Created by Shirik (talk). Self nom at 08:14, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Donald Trounson

• ... that Donald Trounson distributed chocolate to soldiers returning from Dunkirk, escorted captive Italians to prison camps in Algeria, and founded the National Photographic Index of Australian Wildlife? Created by Maias (talk). Self nom at 07:40, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Dewey-Stassen debate

• ... that the first modern U.S. presidential debate between Thomas E. Dewey and Harold E. Stassen (pictured) in 1948 was heard by approximately 40 million people? Created by William S. Saturn (talk). Nominated by William S. Saturn (talk) at 07:01, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Amanita regalis

• ... that the royal fly agaric (pictured) was the German Mycological Society's "Mushroom of the Year" in 2000? Created by Sasata (talk). Self nom at 06:43, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

• Date and length verified. Hook sourced while AGF for offline reference. Image verified under CC 3.0 Calmer Waters 07:38, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Carl Renezeder

• ... that before he won a record seven short course off-road racing championships, Carl Renezeder was an All-American in water polo? Created by Royalbroil (talk). Nominated by Royalbroil (talk) at 03:29, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

• Length, date, and hook verified. Bradjamesbrown (talk) 06:31, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Articles created/expanded on January 3

Thomas Charles Morgan

• ... that the Irish novelist Lady Morgan (pictured) was married to the private physician Thomas Charles Morgan after a meeting engineered by the wife of his employer.? Created by Verne Equinox (talk). Self nom at 16:43, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Central Council of United Trade Unions

• ... that although formerly banned, the Iranian communist Central Council of United Trade Unions was able to revive its activities under the rule of Mohammad Mosaddegh in the early 1950s? Created by Soman (talk). Self nom at 15:29, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

• Typo fixed. - Jarry1250 ^{[Humorous? Discuss.]} 15:42, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Emanuel Chobot

• ... that Emanuel Chobot, chairman of the Polish Socialist Workers Party in interbellum Czechoslovakia, was active in the cooperative movement? Created by Soman (talk). Self nom at 15:11, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Issa Lamine

• ... that the Nigerien politician Issa Lamine ignored the opposition calls for a boycott of the 2009 parliamentary election, and was elected as an independent? Created by Everyking (talk). Nominated by Soman (talk) at 13:48, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

HMS Whiting (1805)

• ... that in the first naval engagement of the War of 1812, the American privateer Dash captured the schooner HMS Whiting (1805) but that American authorities released her, telling her captain to leave American waters as quickly as possible? Created by (Acad Ronin (talk) 10:15, 4 January 2010 (UTC)|talk]]). Self nom at 10:08, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Rosario Rodríguez

• ... that Rosario Rodríguez was the youngest baseball player in the National League during the 1989 season? - Not a great hook but it's the best I found. 5x expanded by Wizardman (talk). Self nom at 05:13, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

• I don't see anything really better in that article, either. But, length, date, and hook verified. Bradjamesbrown (talk) 06:33, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Ernest II

• ... that an anonymous pamphlet, published in 1886, and probably written by Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, accused his own niece of collaborating with the French during the Franco-Prussian War? Created by Ruby2010 (talk). Self nom at 10:17, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Joe Main

• ... that Barack Obama nominated former United Mine Workers official Joe Main to serve as the head of Mine Safety and Health Administration? Created by Grsz11 (talk). Self nom at 02:36, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Hondo Creek

• ... that Hondo Creek, a tributary of the Frio River in Texas, was the site of both an 1842 battle between the Republic of Texas and Mexico, and an 1866 Indian attack? 5x expanded by William S. Saturn (talk). Nominated by William S. Saturn (talk) at 02:22, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Karol Śliwka

• ... that the most prominent leader of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia within the Polish minority, Karol Śliwka, died in the Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp in 1943? Created by Soman (talk), Darwinek (talk). Nominated by Soman (talk) at 23:55, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Mary Rose Trust

• ... that the Mary Rose Trust, the charitable trust that salvaged the Mary Rose in 1982 (pictured), was a driving force in saving important historical shipwrecks in the UK from commercial exploitation? Created by Peter Isotalo (talk). Nominated by Peter Isotalo (talk) at 22:46, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Clayton, West Virginia

• ... that Clayton, West Virginia, was named after a balloonist from Cincinnati who landed in the community after a record-setting 300-mile (480 km) flight in 1835? 5x expanded by TheCatalyst31 (talk). Self nom at 22:29, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

• Length, date, and hook verified. --Coffee // have a cup // ark // 23:57, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Felix Wurman

• ... that cellist Felix Wurman founded the Church of Beethoven, described by NPR as "a church for people who don't go to church," in an abandoned gas station off Route 66 in New Mexico? Created by Cbl62 (talk). Nominated by Cbl62 (talk) at 22:09, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

• Length, date, and hook verified. Bradjamesbrown (talk) 06:40, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Steeple Langford

• ... that the archaeological finds from Steeple Langford include a Bronze Age palstave and a Romano-British painted pebble? Created by Moonraker2 (talk). Nominated by Moonraker2 (talk) at 21:23, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

• Length, date, and hook verified. Bradjamesbrown (talk) 06:44, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Klaus Mertens

• ... that within ten years bass singer Klaus Mertens recorded all vocal works of Johann Sebastian Bach with the Amsterdam Baroque Orchestra & Choir conducted by Ton Koopman? Created by Gerda Arendt (talk). Self nom at 20:33, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Saw: The Video Game (soundtrack)

• ... that Alex Guilbert actually composed the Saw game soundtrack, even though it is commonly miscredited to Charlie Clouser due to his past soundtracks for the Saw films? Created by GroundZ3R0 002 (talk). Self nom at 20:09, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Johannes Andenæs

• ... that Johannes Andenæs, himself a concentration camp prisoner of Nazis during WWII, criticized the harshness of the legal process against Nazis in Norway after the war? 5x expanded by Geschichte (talk). Self nom at 19:51, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

• Date and length verified. Offline sources accepted. decltype (talk) 03:53, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Shutterbug Follies

• ... that Jason Little won two Ignatz Awards in consecutive years for his graphic novel Shutterbug Follies? Created by Jujutacular (talk). Self nom at 19:43, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Tim Ramholt

• ... that Tim Ramholt played just 45 seconds in his National Hockey League career as the Swiss defenceman returned home after three years in the minor leagues? 5x expanded by Resolute (talk). Nominated by Resolute (talk) at 19:04, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

• date, ref and hook are fine. Dincher (talk) 19:12, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Stureby murder

• ... that the Stureby murder was committed by a 16 year-old boy outside of Stockholm on June 6, 2009? Created by Bödeln (talk). Self nom at 18:54, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

• Large uncited section and all the references are open urls - not acceptable. Fixed the typo june -> June for you. Manxruler (talk) 17:58, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

• Fixed.--Bödeln (talk) 18:14, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Cosmos (book)

• ... that Carl Sagan's 1980 book Cosmos remains the best-selling science book published in the English language? 5x expanded by Mnation2 (talk). Self nom at 17:23, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

• Two major problems here and I welcome other opinions: (i) nominal prose expansion is 3225/1145=2.8, the nominator probably believes it is 5 because some text was speculative and was thus removed. (ii) I question how the provided 3 refs determine the fact of the hook. For example, "The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care" by Benjamin Spock was sold perhaps 10 times more that Cosmos. Is it non-scientific book? I wildly guess that there is no good estimates on sales of Darwin's "The Origin of Species", but it should be huge. Materialscientist (talk) 10:25, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

The Terrorist Hunters

• ... that The Terrorist Hunters was originally banned from sale by a High Court injunction issued the day of its official release? Created by HJ Mitchell (talk). Self nom at 17:11, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

• hook, date and refs check out, nice work. Dincher (talk) 19:23, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Sony CDP-101

• ... that the Sony CDP-101 was the world's first commercially available CD player? Created by Techtri (talk). Self nom at 16:22, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

• Date, length, fact verified. I'm open to claims Sony was not first, but couldn't find any evidence of that. Materialscientist (talk) 10:37, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Over the Rainbow (UK TV series)

• ... that Andrew Lloyd Webber is concerned about casting a dog during the forthcoming BBC television series Over the Rainbow? Created by Mattbr (talk). Self nom at 15:24, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Maritime Museum (Indonesia)

• ... that the Maritime Museum in Jakarta was formerly used as a storage for nutmeg, pepper, coffee, tea and cloths for the Dutch East India Company? Created by Rochelimit (talk). Self nom at 13:53, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Hook fact is not cited in the article, and there are several unreferenced paragraphs. Sasata (talk) 16:38, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

The French Kissers

• ... that the director of the 2009 film The French Kissers chose to use mostly non-professional actors because he feared that trained actors would be too egotistical? Created by 97198 (talk). Self nom at 13:10, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

• Length, date, and hook verified. decltype (talk) 03:59, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

G. S. Carter

• ... that Z Special Unit member Major G. S. Carter (pictured) went on to found the Kundasang War Memorial and Gardens in Sabah? Created/expanded by Jasper33 (talk). Self nom at 11:07, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

• Hook verified, not sure of the image though as the copyright tag applies to photos taken in Australia and this photo was obviously taken in Borneo. Gatoclass (talk) 12:49, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

• Oh - I've had an AWM photo taken in Borneo on DYK before. I thought the copyright refers to the nationality of the photographer, rather than where it was taken. This might clarify things? Jasper33 (talk) 13:05, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

HMS Arpha

• ... that between 1926 and 1938, HMS Arpha served as a steam yacht for W E Guinness? Created by Mjroots (talk). Nominated by Mjroots (talk) at 09:01, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

• Length, date, and hook verified. Bradjamesbrown (talk) 10:57, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Tax on childlessness

• ... that Joseph Stalin imposed a tax on childlessness, which forced bachelors and childless families to pay an additional 6% income tax until the collapse of the Soviet Union? Created by Minute Lake (talk). Self nom at 08:50, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

• Date, length, fact verified. The law was introduced in 1941, but retracted gradually in the period 1990-1992. Materialscientist (talk) 10:55, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Beatrice Mintz

• ... that Rudolf Jaenisch and Beatrice Mintz created the first transgenic mouse by injecting DNA from Simian virus 40? Created by Rockpocket (talk). Self nom at 06:01, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

• Date, length, fact verified. Suggest adding 1974 into the hook (not to sound as current news :-), e.g., as ALT1 ... that in 1974, Rudolf Jaenisch and Beatrice Mintz created the first transgenic mouse by injecting DNA from Simian virus 40?

Major League Umpires Association

• ... that the Major League Umpires Association's executive director and 22 umpires were fired after they tried a mass resignation campaign in 1999? Created by Genius101 (talk). Self nom at 04:32, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Noojee railway line, Victoria

• ... that the 20-metre (66 ft) tall trestle bridge on the former Noojee railway line is the tallest surviving trestle bridge in Victoria, Australia? 5x expanded by Zzrbiker (talk). Self nom at 01:54, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

• Date of expansion, length, and hook verified. image under CC 3.0 Calmer Waters 21:55, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Articles created/expanded on January 2

2010 in organized crime

• ... that the bombing of a Italian courthouse, the arrests of five Indian police officers, and the funeral for Montreal mob boss Vito Rizzuto's son are among the events in organized crime so far this year? Created by Hunter Kahn (talk). Nominated by Hunter Kahn (talk) at 14:24, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

List of best-selling singles of the 2000s (UK)

• ... that between 2000 and 2009, ten singles sold more than 1 million copies in the United Kingdom? Created by 03md (talk). Nominated by 03md (talk) at 13:59, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Todd Manning and Marty Saybrooke rape storylines

• ... that the Todd Manning and Marty Saybrooke rape storylines from the American daytime drama One Life to Live inspired feminist studies, and outrage from leading anti-sexual assault organizations such as RAINN? Created by Flyer22 (talk). Self nom at 04:44, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Sovetsky Soyuz class battleship

• ... that the Soviet Sovietsky Soyuz class battleship Sovietskaya Belorussiya was cancelled on 19 October 1940 after it was discovered that 70,000 rivets used in her hull plating were of inferior quality? 5x expanded by Sturmvogel 66 (talk). Nominated by Sturmvogel 66 (talk) at 02:40, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

• Date, length, fact verified. suggest dropping first "Soviet" (Belorussia was part of USSR anyway) ALT1 ... that the Sovetsky Soyuz class battleship Sovetskaya Belorussiya was cancelled on 19 October 1940 after it was discovered that 70,000 rivets used in her hull plating were of inferior quality? I changed Sovietsk* to Sovetsk* all through - should be either Soviet (English) or Sovetsky (transliteration). Materialscientist (talk) 11:36, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Majestic Hotel (St. Louis, Missouri)

• ... that it is unclear who designed the Majestic Hotel in St. Louis, Missouri, due to conflicting records on the building's plans and permits? 5x expanded by Fetchcomms (talk). Self nom at 20:43, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Origins of Judaism

• ... that the Judaeo-Christian God is believed to be an amalgam of several pagan deities, including El and Ba'al, and ancient Israelites worshiped him alongside the female consort they ascribed to him? 5x expanded by User:SilkTork). Nominated by AFriedman (talk) 20:36, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

• I think it would be a bit more accurate if it said "... may have had a female consort named Asherah" because many Christians don't believe that. I'm also not sure why Yahweh is called a pagan deity, as Yahweh (the tetragrammaton YHWH) was the sacred name for God, and is also written LORD in the Bible (in caps).  fetchcomms☛ 20:50, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Why don't Christians believe that some ancient Israelites worshiped him alongside Asherah, since inscriptions from ancient Israel were found that refer to the 2 gods together? Also, the original Yahweh was thought to have been a pagan deity according to the article. It was only later that YHWH became the name for the monotheistic God. I've changed the wording of the nom a bit to try and clarify. --AFriedman (talk) 21:00, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Many Christians believe that God never married or had a consort/wife/etc. I though YHWH was the original Hebrew (aka Jehovah), but I may be wrong. I think the hook looks good now though.  fetchcomms☛ 21:52, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Of course not. Muslims and modern Jews don't believe in this consort either. YHWH, btw, is the original Hebrew for God's name but there are synonyms, even in the Bible--"Elohim" for example, at the beginning of the Book of Genesis. Thanks for your feedback, your suggestions were very helpful in rewriting the hook. --AFriedman (talk) 23:29, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

And thank you for clearing up my understanding :)  fetchcomms☛ 04:09, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Fight the Tide

• ... that while recording their album Fight the Tide, Sanctus Real's guitarist tried putting nail polish on his fingertips because they were raw from continuous playing? 5x expanded by JamieS93 (talk). Nominated by JamieS93 (talk) at 17:07, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

• I'm still expanding the article, so it admittedly looks a bit scant on content atm. JamieS93 22:37, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Tavo Alvarez

• ... that during spring training in 1997, Mexican baseball player Tavo Alvarez was mistakenly introduced as Taco Alvarez? 5x expanded by Wizardman (talk). Self nom at 16:16, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Hook length, article length & date verified. AGF on offline source. Sasata (talk) 16:53, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Denis Shipwright

• ... that after losing his House of Commons seat, Denis Shipwright found he "cannot get work" and resorted to advertising in The Times? Created by Sam Blacketer (talk). Self nom at 10:54, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Alternative hook: ... that when Denis Shipwright wrote to The Autocar about a high speed journey from London to Cornwall and back, he was censured by Lord Curzon because the publicity might mean police speed traps?

Reference for alternative hook can be seen here and on previous page. Sam Blacketer (talk) 10:54, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Cycle Friendly Awards

• ... that New Zealand Prime Minister John Key was a finalist for the 2009 Cycle Friendly Awards in the 'Cycling Champion of the Year' (trophy pictured) category? Created by Schwede66 (talk). Self nom at 02:28, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Páll, son of Bálki

• ... that according to a mediaeval chronicle, saga, and later clan tradition, Páll, son of Bálki blinded and castrated the son of a Manx king—a son who would in time become king himself? Created by Brianann MacAmhlaidh (talk). Self nom at 07:28, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

HMS Curlew (1812)

• ... that after ten years of service in the Royal Navy, the brig-sloop HMS Curlew became involved in the drug trade, and sold £330,000 worth of opium in China in 1833? Created by Acad Ronin (talk). Nominated by PFHLai (talk) at 05:51, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Metzgeriales

• ... that the Metzgeriales (example pictured) always produce their sex organs on their backs? 5x expanded by EncycloPetey (talk). Self nom at 05:05, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

• It's not the most elegant hook, but most of the expanded article is (for the moment) quite dull information about classification. I am continuing to add to the other sections, so if this hook is deemed unusable (for whatever reason), then another possibility may emerge as the article continues to grow. --EncycloPetey (talk) 05:05, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Sherman Minton

• ... that in 1949 Sherman Minton (pictured) became the last member of Congress to be appointed to the United States Supreme Court? 5x expanded by Charles Edward (talk). Nominated by Charles Edward (talk) at 23:09, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• Expansion and date verified. I'd like to see (as of 2010) in the hook somewhere, though- it is somewhat implied. (As common sense says any future President could nominate anyone they chose, even a sitting Congressman.) Bradjamesbrown (talk) 23:18, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• Here's some alternate wording to resolve that concern:

• ALT1: ... that the last time a sitting member of the U.S. Congress was appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court was the 1949 appointment of Sherman Minton (pictured)? --Orlady (talk) 23:51, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

He was not sitting at the time of the appointment, so that nots perfectly accurate. How about this:

• ALT2: ... that no member of the U. S. Congress has been appointed to the United States Supreme Court since the 1949 appointment of Sherman Minton (pictured)? —Charles Edward ^{(Talk | Contribs)} 01:02, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

• Let's run with ALT2. Thanks. Bradjamesbrown (talk) 02:34, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Vardy Community School

• ... that the Vardy Community School in Hancock County, Tennessee, was started by missionaries to educate children who were barred from public schools because they were Melungeons? Created by Bms4880 (talk). Nominated by Orlady (talk) at 23:01, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

Aake Anker Ording

• ... that Time magazine described Aake Anker Ording, who initiated the international fundraiser United Nations Appeal for Children, as "Norway's tall, blue-eyed, idealistic U.N. Staffer"? Created by Geschichte (talk). Self nom at 22:50, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• Length, date, and hook verified. Bradjamesbrown (talk) 23:22, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

Ralph Tambs-Lyche, Guri Tambs-Lyche

• ... that the father and daughter, mathematics professor Ralph Tambs-Lyche and women's rights activist Guri Tambs-Lyche, were both members of left-wing organizations, Clarté and the Communist Party respectively? Created by Geschichte (talk). Self nom at 21:32, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• Comment: This hook has 210 characters, but that's allowed if it's a double nom. The name of the second article, Guri Tambs-Lyche, alone makes this >200. Geschichte (talk) 21:32, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• Length and date verified for both. Norwegian sources accepted in good faith. With the double-nom, concur that the hook length is perfectly fine. Bradjamesbrown (talk) 23:25, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

Maurice Swynfen Fitzmaurice

• ... that after his ship was torpedoed, Captain Maurice Swynfen Fitzmaurice was picked up from the water, apparently with his monocle still firmly in place? Created by Benea (talk). Self nom at 21:23, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• Length and date verified. Offline source accepted in good faith. Bradjamesbrown (talk) 02:36, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Shikkoku no Sharnoth: What a beautiful world

• ... that Shikkoku no Sharnoth has a turn-based gameplay mode where the player needs to move around while avoiding monsters, unlike most other visual novels that are solely made up of text and pictures?

• ALT1:... that the visual novel Shikkoku no Sharnoth is the only game in Liar-soft's steampunk series to take place in London, an actual city?

Created by Rcjsuen (talk). Self nom at 21:31, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• Comment: First hook is very slightly too long, ≈ 204 characters. - EdoDodo ^talk 10:14, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

• ALT2:... that Shikkoku no Sharnoth has a turn-based gameplay mode where the player moves around and avoids monsters, unlike most other visual novels that are solely made up of text and pictures?
• ALT3:... that Shikkoku no Sharnoth has a secondary isometric turn-based gameplay mode unlike most other visual novels that are solely made up of text and pictures?
• Comment: You are right, sorry about that. Here are some rewording attempts. --Remy Suen (talk) 12:06, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Stenocarpus cryptocarpus

• ... that the juvenile leaves of the Queensland rainforest tree Stenocarpus cryptocarpus reach 115 cm long, but the adult leaves only 14 cm long? Created by Casliber (talk). Nominated by Casliber (talk) at 20:53, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

Cyclone Gwenda

• ... that Cyclone Gwenda of the 1998–99 Australian region cyclone season was the most intense Australian tropical cyclone on record? Created by Cyclonebiskit (talk). Self nom at 20:37, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

Battle on Pyana River

• ... that in the Battle on Pyana River the drunken Russian troops were almost entirely routed with their commander being drowned? Created by Brandmeister (talk). Self nom at 20:21, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

Central Union of Workers and Peasants of Iran

• ... that the Central Union of Workers and Peasants of Iran claimed to represent some 78,000 workers and peasants in the 1940s, figures considered as highly inflated by the U.S. embassy? Created by Soman (talk). Self nom at 19:04, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

Drew Doughty

• ... that at the 2010 Olympics, 20-year-old Drew Doughty will become the youngest ice hockey player since Eric Lindros in 1991 to represent Canada in a major best-on-best tournament? 5x expanded by Resolute (talk). Nominated by Resolute (talk) at 19:03, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• Expansion and hook verified. Should this be held to run closer to the Olympics? Bradjamesbrown (talk) 23:31, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• If we set up a holding pen for the Olympics, it certainly can be deferred. Resolute 03:56, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Ardeshir Ovanessian

• ... that the Iranian Armenian communist leader Ardeshir Ovanessian spent eleven years in Qasr prison? Created by Soman (talk). Self nom at 18:53, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• Length and date verified. Offline source accepted in good faith. Bradjamesbrown (talk) 02:40, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

John D. Defrees

• ... that in 1831 John D. Defrees founded the first newspaper in Northern Indiana? Created by Mackensen (talk). Nominated by Mackensen (talk) at 18:52, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

Mazlum Çimen

• ... that the Turkish ballet dancer Mazlum Çimen is better known for his award-winning film score and folk music albums? Created by CeeGee (talk). Self nom at 18:45, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

Ocypode quadrata

• ... that old Atlantic ghost crabs may dig burrows in the sand up to 400 metres from the sea? Created by Stemonitis (talk). Self nom at 18:05, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• Length, date, and hook verified. Bradjamesbrown (talk) 02:43, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Dark Was the Night, Cold Was the Ground

• ... that Blind Willie Johnson's gospel-blues song "Dark Was the Night, Cold Was the Ground" was included on the Voyager Golden Record to represent human loneliness to extraterrestrial life? Created by Moni3 (talk). Self nom at 18:04, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• Length, date, and hook verified. Bradjamesbrown (talk) 02:45, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

FotoInsight

• ... that in June 2005, Intel threatened photo printing company FotoInsight with legal action over their use of the name ""The 'INSIDE' format" saying it infringed their trademark "Intel Inside"? Created by Mifter (talk). Self nom at 17:46, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

3–31 Northgate Street, Chester

• ... that in the cellar of 23 Northgate Street, Chester, Cheshire, England, are the remains of columns from the principia of the Roman fortress that previously stood on the site? Created by Peter I. Vardy (talk). Self nom at 17:17, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

Lalitha Mahal

• ... that the Lalitha Mahal (pictured) , a palace in Mysore, India, was built in 1921, on orders of Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV, the Maharaja of Mysore for exclusive stay of the then Viceroy of India?

• Comment: Stub article – prose expanded by more than 5x

Created/expanded by Nvvchar (talk). Self nom at 16:12, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

Cultural Properties of Japan

• ... that the Japanese Law for the Conservation of Cultural Properties provides for the existence of Living National Treasures? Created by Urashimataro (talk), Bamse (talk). Nominated by Bamse (talk) at 09:44, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• Length, creation date and fact confirmed. - EdoDodo ^talk 14:05, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

List of heaviest bells

• ... that the 90-ton Mingun Bell in Mingun, Myanmar (pictured), was the heaviest hanging bell in the world until 2000, when the 116-ton Bell of Good Luck was erected in Pingdingshan, China? Created by DiverDave (talk). Self nom at 08:53, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• DYK rules state that "the listed items themselves are not counted as part of the 1,500 DYK qualifying characters", and as such this article is, unfortunately, not long enough. - EdoDodo ^talk 14:47, 2 January 2010 (UTC)
  • Sorry, I am still somewhat of a newbie, and this is my first attempt at a DYK nomination. I had not read all of the DYK rules, and was therefore unaware of the 1500 character requirement. Accordingly, I have altered and expanded the article. It now has around 3000 characters of prose, apart from the listed items, as measured with the tool on the Wikipedia DYK guidelines page. I have also reworded the hook so that it is now only 187 characters in length. The hook fact is cited in the article with an inline citation at the end of the sentence, as per the DYK guidelines. Thank you for considering this page; I have been working very hard on it.DiverDave (talk) 18:37, 2 January 2010 (UTC)
    • Thank you for the edits, the article now passes all requirments - creation date, length and reference verified. Good luck with getting it to the homepage. - EdoDodo ^talk 19:09, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

De Cornwerdermolen, Cornwerd

• ... that De Cornwerdermolen, Cornwerd (pictured) is the most westerly windmill in Friesland? Created by Mjroots (talk). Nominated by Mjroots (talk) at 08:16, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• Length and creation verified. Dutch source accepted in good faith. - EdoDodo ^talk 13:54, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

Phenes raptor

• ... that the Phenes raptor dragonfly is physically the largest Odonata in Chile? Created by IShadowed (talk). Nominated by IShadowed (talk) at 07:13, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• I've read this article, and it has tone and prose problems. It seems to depend upon a research expedition ("Larvae specimen were collected along the Malleco River and additionally from a farm mill, whereas the adult specimen were collected from additional sites in Chile") without specifying the authority who supplied the report or why the expedition is worth mentioning. I suggest that the information presented in the report should be integrated into the article as information on the species itself. —Anonymous Dissident^Talk 12:42, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

The findings from the expedition are introduced in the level 2 header 'Body'.  IShadowed  ✰  05:51, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Air India Flight 112 plot

... that Canadian Sikhs were convicted of allegedly plotting to blow up a 1986 Air India jet, but the rulings were overturned years later since the government had withheld crucial evidence? Sherurcij ^{(speaker for the dead)} 04:07, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

Please add some information regarding the flight itself. Is it still active? What type of airplane is used, how many passengers on board...?--Diaa abdelmoneim (talk) 15:45, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

I'm not sure that information is relevant since it seems there was no plot, Flight 112 seems to have been a seemingly random choice. The FBI mole shouted about "a 747", but beyond that, no information is available on how many passengers would have been on the average flight leaving Kennedy Airport - and it would seem like WP:OR to synthesise in that fashion. Sherurcij ^{(speaker for the dead)} 00:07, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

The "allegedly" seems out of place to me. When someone is convicted, they are convicted. It is a fact. When someone is found guilty of a crime and convicted, the crime isn't alleged any more, it has been proven. At that time, they were found guilty of such-and-such. You can't change that to allegedly.--Brianann MacAmhlaidh (talk) 07:44, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Articles created/expanded on January 1

Aiphanes leiostachys, Aiphanes duquei, Aiphanes lindeniana

• ... that the Colombian palm Aiphanes leiostachys is an endangered species, while two other Colombian endemics in the same genus, Aiphanes duquei and Aiphanes lindeniana, are vulnerable to extinction? 5x expanded by Guettarda (talk). Nominated by Guettarda (talk) at 16:50, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

• Note: the expansion of Aiphanes duquei only works if the text removed in this edit, a misplaced warning template, is not included in the "readable text". Otherwise this should be a Jan. 4th submission, with A. duque unbolded. Guettarda (talk) 16:53, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Direction Nationale du Contrôle de Gestion

• ... that the Direction Nationale du Contrôle de Gestion is the administrative organisation reponsible for monitoring the accounts of professional football clubs in France? Created by BigDom (talk). Self nom at 19:30, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Shoshone Lake

• ... that there are more than 80 geysers (example pictured) at the southwest end of Yellowstone's Shoshone Lake, one of the highest concentrations of geysers in the world? Created by Mike Cline (talk). Nominated by PFHLai (talk) at 05:37, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

• Length and creation date confirmed. Offline source accepted in good faith. - EdoDodo ^talk 09:13, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Panellus stipticus

• ... that although the bitter oyster mushroom (pictured) has a widespread distribution, only strains from eastern North America are bioluminescent?

• Comment: I can replace with a different image if the flashiness of this one offends delicate sensibilities

Created by Sasata (talk). Self nom at 20:58, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

It kind of makes me dizzy...Elekhh (talk) 22:38, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

Ok, swapped for something less epilepsy-inducing. Sasata (talk) 23:19, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• Creation date and length confirmed. AGF for some facts that are proven by offline sources. Congratulations by the way, very nicely written article. - EdoDodo ^talk 09:18, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Skimmington

• ... that a skimmington, a custom in which victims were mocked and humiliated in a noisy public procession, occurred in England as late as 1917? Created by Karenjc (talk). Nominated by Karenjc (talk) at 18:39, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• Date, length, and hook verified. Calmer Waters 06:15, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Forward Operating Base Chapman attack

• ... that the suicide attack against the Forward Operating Base Chapman in Khost Province, Afghanistan, on December 31, 2009, is considered the second deadliest attack ever orchestrated against the Central Intelligence Agency? Created by Cs32en (talk) and JB50000 (talk). Nominated by Hunter Kahn (talk) at 17:03, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• Expanded, images added.  Cs32en  02:31, 3 January 2010 (UTC)
• ALT1: ... that the attack on Forward Operating Base Chapman in Khost Province, Afghanistan, on December 30, 2009, was the second most lethal attack ever sustained by the Central Intelligence Agency?
• ALT2: ... that the attack on Forward Operating Base Chapman in Afghanistan on December 30, 2009, was the second most lethal ever sustained by the CIA?

• First very well written and sourced article. I read the four cites used to verify the hook fact [7][8][9]and [10], and cites [9] and [10] state that it was the deadlest attack on the CIA in the last 25 years, since the 1983 attack. I however, do not see where any of them refer to it as the 2nd deadliest attack against the CIA ever. This may very well be a fact; however, I can not find that fact within the sources provided. Would suggest since this is an exceptional fact and it be changed to the deadliest attack in the last 25 years or something to that fact, unless it is indeed within the sources. Kindly Calmer Waters 06:36, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Didn't look through all the sources again. The WSJ quoted CIA Director Panetta as referring to the "second largest single-day loss", that may be the original source for all other occurences of the information. (Gorman, Siobhan (January 1, 2010). "Suicide Bombing in Afghanistan Devastates Critical Hub for CIA Activities". Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB126225941186711671.html?mod=WSJ_hpp_MIDDLETopStories. Retrieved January 1, 2010. ) I've changed the article accordingly. Thank you for pointing this out! (Don't know if the info is somewhere in the sources above, or if I dropped a source while moving information around in the text.)  Cs32en  16:05, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

• ALT3: ...that the attack on FOB Chapman revealed Jordanian intelligence cooperation with the CIA in Afghanistan after a victim was found to be Jordanian.
• ALT4: ...that the attack on FOB Chapman, the worse mass killing of CIA agents since 1983, revealed Jordanian involvement with the CIA in Afghanistan as one of the victims was a Jordanian agent. (I started an article which was merged to this article) JB50000 (talk) 08:35, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

• As per Calmer Waters suggestion, and Cs32en's modifications, I'd suggest this alternate... — Hunter Kahn 13:32, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

• ALT5: ...that the attack on Forward Operating Base Chapman in Afghanistan on December 30, 2009, was the most lethal sustained by the CIA in 25 years?

I agree with Hunter Kahn's proposal. On the other proposals: (1) "revealed Jordanian intelligence cooperation" is not correct, as this was not a true secret (2) "mass killing" and "victim" would probably be rejected by the CIA officers as well, they do not regard themselves as "victims" of "murder", but rather as officers fallen in the execution of their duty.  Cs32en  16:05, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Monegasque heraldry

• ... that the civil flag of Monaco utilizes the heraldic colors of the House of Grimaldi? Created by Jarry1250 (talk). Self nom at 16:49, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

France-Americas relations

• ... that France-Americas relations (map pictured) were initiated in 1524 with the explorations of Giovanni da Verrazzano in the service of Francis I of France? Created by Per Honor et Gloria (talk). Nominated by Per Honor et Gloria (talk) at 14:03, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• Length and creation date verified. Offline source accepted in good faith. - EdoDodo ^talk 14:52, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

Parks and Recreation (season 2)

• ... that although the first season of the NBC series Parks and Recreation was critically panned, the second season of the Amy Poehler (pictured) show was considered one of the best comedies of the year? Created by Hunter Kahn (talk). Nominated by Hunter Kahn (talk) at 05:45, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

Einar Bragi

• ... that Icelandic modernist Einar Bragi, one of the original Atom Poets, translated poetry from all major European languages? Created by Drmies (talk). Nominated by Drmies (talk) at 04:11, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• Date, length, fact verified. There could be a reasonable doubt about "all major" (i.e. what is major), if possible, please list the languages in the articles, so that the reader could see for him(her)self. Materialscientist (talk) 09:15, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• Yes--good idea. I'm on it. Thanks, Drmies (talk) 01:25, 3 January 2010 (UTC)
• Done. Thanks again. Drmies (talk) 02:55, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Laumeier Sculpture Park

• ... that Laumeier Sculpture Park does not have any recreational facilities because its founder wanted a passive park? 5x expanded by Fetchcomms (talk). Self nom at 01:59, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• ALT1: ... that Laumeier Sculpture Park did not attract many visitors until sculptor Ernest Trova donated some 40 works of his to the park?

Patrick J. Whelan

• ... that Patrick Whelan allegedly assassinated Thomas D'Arcy McGee four months after warning the police about a similar plot against the Canadian politician? (self-nom, 5x) Sherurcij ^{(speaker for the dead)} 01:25, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• I don't think the neutrality of this article is appropriate for an article on DYK, I quote from the lead of the article: "the government needed somebody to blame, and although the evidence against Whelan was entirely circumstantial, he was "the perfect candidate"". Other than that length and creation date verified. - EdoDodo ^talk 14:58, 2 January 2010 (UTC)
  • Silly me, I didn't even read the date as I thought that a new article would be about recent events. I guess it's pretty uncontroversial since it is about events that occurred nearly 200 years ago. My apologies again for that. Anyway, length date and fact all verified. - EdoDodo ^talk 20:29, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

History wins! Sherurcij ^{(speaker for the dead)} 00:08, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

William Allen Rogers

• ... that American artist William Allen Rogers worked with Harper's Weekly as a political cartoonist for 25 years, and with the New York Herald (sample pictured) for an additional 20 years? Created by Theleftorium (talk). Nominated by Theleftorium (talk) at 23:28, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

• Creation date, length and fact confirmed. - EdoDodo ^talk 15:11, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

Eduard Charlemont

• ... that reproductions of The Moorish Chief, painted by Eduard Charlemont, are the best-selling painting at the museum store of the Philadelphia Museum of Art? Created by MaximilianT (talk). Self nom at 23:24, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

• I think the article needs a lot more sourcing than the one link to the PA Museum of Art it has now: DYK articles should be really fine examples of Wikipedia's writing, and sourcing is an important part of that. Also, the wording of this hook needs tweaking--it's not the painting they're selling. Drmies (talk) 04:52, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• I modified the hook and added more references.--MaximilianT (talk) 11:00, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

Self Made Man

• ... that in reviewing Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles' "Self Made Man", IGN's Travis Fickett opined the series would fail "were not for Summer Glau" (pictured)? Created by Pd THOR (talk). Self nom at 23:25, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

• "were not for Summer Glau" is a mistake by Fickett; that is, he really said that according to the source, but he must have intended to say "were it not for Summer Glau". So I would either add a [sic] template or rewrite to avoid the issue. Art LaPella (talk) 05:38, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• ALT1: ... that the plot of Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles' "Self Made Man" has a Terminator planning to assassinate the Governor of California on New Year's Eve 2010, at which time Arnold Schwarzenegger (pictured)—star of the first three Terminator films—will still hold the office?

• This version is a 281 character hook. Art LaPella (talk) 05:38, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

See, my concern is that it's just not interesting for anybody who's not watching this American daytime television series...DYKs should be about interesting tidbits of history - not "do you know what the plot of season 5 is about?" or "do you know who directed this movie?" unless the director happened to be the grandson of the film's main character. Just my two cents. (And the first hook seems like it's just publicity for River Tam Glau)Sherurcij ^{(speaker for the dead)} 03:27, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

I wasn't aware of any content-specifying guidelines for DYK, and I'm sorry for violating such. I thought the ALT1 was interesting, as it seemed the franchise was poking fun at itself and Governor Schwarzenegger. Should I remove the nomination, or leave it to be removed by an administrator or DYK clerk? — pd_THOR ^{| =/\=} | 05:09, 2 January 2010 (UTC).

I would leave it for two reasons: one, we are well accustomed to removing abandoned nominations, and two, Sherucij didn't use the symbol, and I interpret Sherucij as wanting a different hook, not as rejecting the article as unsuitable with any hook. Art LaPella (talk) 05:38, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• ALT2: ... that Terminator: TSCC's "Self Made Man" references franchise star Arnold Schwarzenegger (pictured) with its Skynet plot to assassinate the Governor of California on New Year's Eve 2010?

  I tried to shorten the hook per Art LaPella's input above. — pd_THOR ^{| =/\=} | 06:23, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

Ettehadiyeh-ye Sendika-ye Kargaran-e Iran

• ... that at the 1949 congress of the government-sponsored Iranian trade union centre ESKI, only two out of 36 delegates were workers? Created by Soman (talk). Self nom at 23:20, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

• I ponder the neutrality of the article. It speaks mostly of negative aspects of the center: coersion and bribes, accusations of assasinations and attacks; while, the references supporting appear to be from just two editors from university papers. Other opinions are welcomed. Calmer Waters 07:13, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

• Well, the three references certainly don't try to paint a positive picture of ESKI. I haven't come up with any English-language reference that would counter the viewpoint that ESKI was essentially created on behalf of the government to combat Tudeh. I've tried to make a balanced description of the organization based on the material availible. However, I'm a bit curious as to the questioning of the sources as such. The two books would certainly qualify as published third party, peer-reviewed, sources. Ladjevardi's profile at Harvard is found here and Ervand Abrahamian has a wiki article of his own. Floor is presented here. --Soman (talk) 10:49, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Austrosynthemis carle

• ... that Austrosynthemis carle has one of the smallest bodies compared to the average measurements of other dragonflies? --> Created by IShadowed (talk). Nominated by IShadowed (talk) at 23:14, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

• This hook is flawed. I can consider a meal to be one of the finest I've had, but I cannot consider a dragonfly to be the smallest dragonfly species. It's a fact. Therefore, the hook is "... that Austrosynthemis carle is one of the smallest dragonflies." – which isn't particularly interesting. As an aside, your haphazard wording would indicate that a review of your sources may be in order. —Anonymous Dissident^Talk 12:46, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• I'm rewriting parts of the article, as it's rather ambiguously written and not sharp. I'm tightening up the prose now. ceranthor 16:53, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

Forest Falls, California

• ... that the city of Forest Falls, California, has a population of about 943 people? Created by December21st2012Freak (talk). Self nom at 23:09, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

• I don't think that fact is eyecatching enough. But what about ... that the unincorporated community of Forest Falls, California has a water area of 0? or similar? You'd expect a placename with "Falls" in it to have at least some water. Geschichte (talk) 23:12, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

Yes, I think that one is better. December21st2012Freak ^{Talk to me} at ≈ 03:05, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

• Creation date and length confirmed. Both facts also confirmed, but I agree that the one suggested by Geschichte is more interesting and attention-catching. —Preceding unsigned comment added by EdoDodo (talk • contribs) 10:21, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park

• ... that Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park contains the endangered species Javanese Edelweiss? 5x expanded by Rochelimit (talk). Self nom at 21:00, 1 January 2010 (UTC) co-nominated by Elekhh (talk) 00:58, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

• Added image. Elekhh (talk) 22:53, 2 January 2010 (UTC)
• Hook option 2:

... that Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, located in East Java, is the only conservation area in Indonesia that has a sand sea? Elekhh (talk) 00:58, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

thanks for correcting the hook. The previous hook is not really stated in the article. --Rochelimit (talk) 11:54, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Hygrophorus agathosmus

• ... that the edible mushroom Hygrophorus agathosmus smells like almonds? 5x expanded by Sasata (talk). Self nom at 18:32, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

• Length, date, and hook verified.  IShadowed  ✰  19:35, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

Just a friendly note... please remember to sign when you verify, and the hook source is online, in English :) Thanks! Sasata (talk) 19:29, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

Grand Island Harbor Rear Range Light

• ... that the top half of the Grand Island Harbor Rear Range Light (painted white in the picture) was part of another tower originally used at the Vidal Shoals near Sault Ste. Marie? Created by Andrew Jameson (talk). Self nom at 18:13, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

• Length, date, and hook verified.  IShadowed  ✰  19:35, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

Brad Falchuk

• ... that screenwriter Brad Falchuk tried to stand out in high school by wearing a tie every day and declaring himself a Republican? Created by 97198 (talk). Self nom at 17:33, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

• Length, date, and hook verified.  IShadowed  ✰  17:54, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

Etzioni Brigade

• ... that the Etzioni Brigade participated in the first ever Haganah operation that deployed more than one brigade? Created by Ynhockey (talk). Self nom at 17:29, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

• I don't see anything similar to this hook in the prose... please cite the hook inline.  IShadowed  ✰  17:48, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

The text says: The Etzioni Brigade participated in Operation Yevusi (April–May, 1948), the first operation in Haganah history that was carried out by more than one brigade (the other one being Harel).

I don't believe it is necessary to include all of that stuff, as it is against hook style. —Ynhockey ^(Talk) 17:51, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

(My apologies, as I didn't see the hook before). Length, date, and hook verified.  IShadowed  ✰  17:57, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

Flight of the Red Tail

• ... that Flight of the Red Tail chronicles the second restoration of a P-51 Mustang (pictured) bomber escort for the Allied Forces in the European Theatre of World War II? 5x expanded by TonyTheTiger (talk). Nominated by TonyTheTiger (talk) at 17:22, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

• Length, date, and hook verified.  IShadowed  ✰  17:33, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

Brandon Kozun

• ... that after turning down an invitation to play with the Americans, Brandon Kozun scored the shootout winning goal for Canada to defeat the United States at the 2010 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships? 5x expanded by Resolute (talk). Nominated by Resolute (talk) at 17:00, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

• Length, date, and hook verified.  IShadowed  ✰  17:30, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

• I changed "invite" to "invitation" because "invite" as a noun is considered informal. Art LaPella (talk) 00:04, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

Curtis Gatewood

• ... that in 2003 Curtis Gatewood became the first college football recruit from Memphis to sign with Vanderbilt since 1997? 5x expanded by Giants27 (talk). Nominated by Giants27 (talk) at 16:54, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

• Length, date, and hook verified.  IShadowed  ✰  17:32, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

• Quite meaningless to people who don't follow the sport, but OK. Geschichte (talk) 23:14, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

Lykke Friis

• ... that Lykke Friis (pictured), the current Danish Minister for Climate and Energy, was not a member of the party Venstre before becoming a minister? Created by Lilac Soul (talk). Nominated by Lilac Soul (talk) at 16:40, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

• Length and date verified. Danish source accepted in good faith. Bradjamesbrown (talk) 21:39, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

Larry Dell Alexander

• ... that Larry Dell Alexander is best known for his use of pen and ink drawings such as Send in the Clown (pictured)? Created by Coldplay Expert (talk). Nominated by Coldplay Expert (talk) at 16:05, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

Floral clock (Frankfort, Kentucky)

• ... that the floral clock in Frankfort, Kentucky (pictured), has a face that is 34 feet (10 m) in diameter and is composed of more than 10,000 individual flowers? Created/expanded by Acdixon (talk). Self nom at 15:43, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

• Creation date and length confirmed. References to fact also confirmed, but why are they typed in directly at the bottom of the page, instead of inside the footnotes? I'm no expert on the subject but I don't think that's the correct way to do it. - EdoDodo ^talk 15:42, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• The footnotes are immediately under the "References" heading, with full bibliographic references following. This is the method I have used to cite many articles in the past. Acdixon ^{(talk • contribs • count)} 15:51, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• Fair enough, just hadn't seen it done before. All confirmed. - EdoDodo ^talk 16:23, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

The Restorers

• ... that while filming The Restorers, director Adam White stumbled upon the Red Tail Project, which led to the production of Red Tail Reborn? Created by TonyTheTiger (talk). Nominated by TonyTheTiger (talk) at 15:26, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

Arrival of the Hungarians

• ... that a 1760 m² cyclorama, the Arrival of the Hungarians (detail pictured), was painted in 1894 to celebrate the 1000th anniversary of the Hungarians' conquest of the Carpathian Basin in 895? Created by Qorilla (talk). Self nom at 13:32, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

Hugo Birger

• ... that Swedish painter Hugo Birger's most famous work is Frukosten hos Ledoyen (pictured), which depicts several famous Nordic painters having breakfast together on the day of the Paris Salon's opening? Created by Theleftorium (talk). Nominated by Theleftorium (talk) at 13:23, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

Comité de liaison de patronat de l'A.E.F.

• ... that the employers' organization in French Equatorial Africa, COLPAEF, was significantly weaker than its West African counterparts, as employers in Equatorial Africa were highly individualistic? Created by Soman (talk). Self nom at 12:24, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

I syng of a mayden

• ... that the anonymous composer of the 15th-century carol "I syng of a mayden" (pictured) utilises traditional imagery deriving from Old Testament texts to celebrate the Annunciation of Jesus?

ALT:

• ... that despite being widely anthologised and set to music, the 15th-century carol "I syng of a mayden" (pictured) is found only in a single manuscript source? x5 expansion (basically a new article), self nom. Rob (talk) 10:43, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

Slade's Case

• ... that Slade's Case has been called a "watershed" moment in English law? Ironholds (talk) 08:44, 1 January 2010 (UTC)
• ... when it has a DYKnom template :) Victuallers (talk) 11:18, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

  I don't think that Ibbetson mentioned a "watershed DYKnom template", I'm afraid. Are you sure you're reading the sources right? :P. Ironholds (talk) 20:04, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

Amanita aestivalis

• ... that it is uncertain whether the brown- and white American star-footed Amanitas are different species? Created by Sasata (talk). Self nom at 07:23, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

Tonyosynthemis claviculata

• ... that the uppermost part of a male Tonyosynthemis claviculata's anal appendages are club-shaped and curved? Created by IShadowed (talk). Nominated by IShadowed (talk) at 07:00, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

• Although "upper majority" gets 3710 Google hits, I've never heard that phrase before. Is it British or something? Art LaPella (talk) 00:04, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• It might be, I don't really know. Anyhow, I have clarified some.  IShadowed  ✰  01:05, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

List of international cricket centuries by Donald Bradman

• ... that Australian cricketer Sir Donald Bradman (pictured) scored 12 double centuries during his Test career, the highest number by any batsman? Created by Chamal N (talk). Self nom at 06:59, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

• Length, date, and hook verified. Bradjamesbrown (talk) 08:08, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

• I would suggest removing 'has', as it currently reads like he's an active cricketer. Mikenorton (talk) 09:05, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• Yes, done. ≈ Chamal (sock) ^{Master · talk} 10:48, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

Jerry Kennedy

• ... that as a child, Jerry Kennedy, who later produced for Elvis Presley, attended a Presley performance on Louisiana Hayride to hear Scotty Moore play guitar?

• ALT1:... Jerry Kennedy, who later produced for legendary musicians such as Elvis Presley, Kris Kristofferson, and Jerry Lee Lewis, was himself signed by RCA Records at age 11?

• I removed one instance of the duplicated phrase "at age 11". Art LaPella (talk) 21:07, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

• ALT2:... as a child, Jerry Kennedy, who later produced for legendary musicians such as Elvis Presley and Jerry Lee Lewis, recorded several songs with Chet Atkins for RCA Records?

5x expanded by Unitanode (talk). Nominated by Unitanode (talk) at 06:44, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

• ALT2 Length, hook and reference verified.  IShadowed  ✰  18:03, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

Lise Lindbæk

• ... that Lise Lindbæk was Norway's first female war correspondent? Created by Oceanh (talk). Self nom at 05:03, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

• Length and date verified. Norwegian source accepted in good faith. Bradjamesbrown (talk) 08:09, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

Princess Alice of the United Kingdom

• ... that Princess Alice of the United Kingdom was married to Prince Louis of Hesse in an atmosphere described by Queen Victoria as "more of a funeral than a wedding"? 5x expanded by PeterSymonds (talk). Nominated by PeterSymonds (talk) at 04:28, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

• On 18 December, the article had 7,359 characters of prose. Right now, it has 30,737. That's only a 4.17x expansion, instead of the 5x that DYK requires. Can you add more? Bradjamesbrown (talk) 08:14, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

• Note that part of the article was moved from my userspace by an over-eager user some time ago, so without the early life paragraphs, it would easily be 5x. I think I've written all I can; there is only one dedicated biography, and she died young. If it's really an important issue, I can try, but I was given the impression that this submission is fine, considering this is quite a large expansion/rewrite, and acceptably close to 5x. PeterSymonds (talk) 14:05, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

• That explanation seems reasonable to me, and even if you don't accept it, a 30,000 byte expansion is certainly enough to ignore the 5x expansion. NW (Talk) 02:28, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• Indeed. I'd support that. ≈ Chamal (sock) ^{Master · talk} 10:51, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• As the original objector, that explanation is reasonable to me, as well. (In fact, had that information been provided with the nomination, I'd have just ticked it then and there.) Bradjamesbrown (talk) 23:13, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

Safe Conduct (film)

• ... that Bertrand Tavernier directed Safe Conduct because of his interest in reviving films from 1942 to 1944 and because he has friendships with key figures from those films? 5x expanded by Joe Chill (talk) and MichaelQSchmidt. Nominated by Joe Chill (talk) at 03:21, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

• • Can someone please check this? Joe Chill (talk) 19:24, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Choristhemis flavoterminata

• ... that Choristhemis flavoterminata are believed to fake death by lying on their dorsal or ventral surfaces when frightened by folding their legs across their bodies until they no longer feel threatened? Created by IShadowed (talk). Self nom at 01:26, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

This is sourced to what appears to be a newsgroup posting from 1999, will need a more RS. Also, could it be made more clear in the lead sentence what kind of insect the article is about? Sasata (talk) 19:12, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• ALT 1 ... that larva of the dragonfly species Choristhemis flavoterminata are able to burrow into the mud along streams for protection?
• ALT 2 ... that the dragonfly species, Choristhemis flavoterminata, is born a light gray or brown color and that color will darken over their life span?  IShadowed  ✰  22:40, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

Petalura hesperia

• ... that Petalura hesperia dragonflies tend to be univoltine while many other species may take a few years to complete their life cycles? Created by IShadowed (talk). Nominated by IShadowed (talk) at 01:30, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

• Some of our readers might not understand voltinism, and thus may not understand the contrast between univoltinism (named) and multivoltinism (described). In addition, the source you cite states that "Petalura species are usually [emphasis mine] univoltine but some species [of Petalura] may take two to six years to complete a life cycle with the larval phase being the longest part of the cycle." Your hook implies that all species of Petalura are univoltine. Intelligentsium 23:12, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

• ALT 1 ... that adults of the Petalura hesperia species – a type of dragonfly – mate on vegetation?
• ALT 2 ... that Petalura hesperia lay their eggs along stream margins because their larvae are semi-aquatic? (  IShadowed  ✰  23:21, 1 January 2010 (UTC) )

*Note: Non-controversial grammar correction: is→are. Intelligentsium 23:31, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

• Thank you for your speedy response. ALT 2 verified. Intelligentsium 23:31, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

I don't see any mention of laying larvae in the sources. Are you sure you don't mean embryos? Abductive (reasoning) 10:38, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

Sorry, I missed that. Another issue has come up: your hook is awkwardly worded and inefficient. I suggest changing to:

"... that Petalura hesperia lay their eggs along stream margins because their larvae are semi-aquatic?"
Intelligentsium 03:02, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Choristhemis olivei

• ... that the Choristhemis olivei's physical characteristics are the smallest in their genus, Corduliidae? Created by IShadowed (talk). Nominated by IShadowed (talk) at 01:39, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

• Wizardman _{Help review good articles} 18:13, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

• Phrasing is confusing. Are you saying that C. olivei are the smallest of their genus? Abductive (reasoning) 05:08, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• I have clarified. Thank you for expressing your concern.  IShadowed  ✰  08:23, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• Still not proper English, I'm afraid. Your hook is simply "... that Choristhemis olivei are the smallest members of their family?" Abductive (reasoning) 10:34, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

William Gurney Benham

• ... that William Gurney Benham collected and arranged over fifty thousand quotations in one of his books? Created by Jarry1250 (talk). Self nom at 21:34, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• I forget the DYK rules on spelling out number numbers, just change to suit. - Jarry1250 ^{[Humorous? Discuss.]} 21:34, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• Done. I didn't change to digits but I added "nbsp". There are no DYK rules on that issue, but we do enforce the Manual of Style, which covers this subject at MOS:NUM#Numbers as figures or words (see the "128 million" example). Art LaPella (talk) 08:35, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Æthelstan Mannessune

• ... that according to a medieval source, the Anglo-Saxon Fenland noble Æthelstan Mannessune donated a piece of the True Cross to Ramsey Abbey? 5x expanded by Deacon of Pndapetzim (talk). Nominated by Deacon of Pndapetzim (talk) at 14:54, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Articles created/expanded on December 31

Arcade Hoops Basketball

• ... that it took six weeks for developer Garry Kitchen to write and complete the iPhone and Nintendo DSi video game Arcade Hoops Basketball? Created by MuZemike (talk). Nominated by MuZemike (talk) at 03:47, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

• I changed "iPhone/Nintendo DSi" to "iPhone and Nintendo DSi" according to MOS:SLASH. Art LaPella (talk) 06:07, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

William L. Reilly

• ... that William L. Reilly's 12-year tenure as president of Le Moyne College was the longest in the Jesuit school's history? Created by Scanlan (talk). Nominated by Scanlan (talk) at 02:17, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Kafr Misr

• ... that artifacts uncovered in Kafr Misr, an Arab village located just to the south of Mount Tabor, attest to Jewish, Christian and Muslim habitation over the centuries? 5x expanded by Tiamut (talk). Nominated by Tiamut (talk) at 13:02, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

New Article:

Frederick Brocklander

• ... that Frederick Brocklander became a Major League Baseball umpire during a 1979 strike and continued umpiring for 12 more years in the National League? Created by  JGHowes  ^talk. Self nom at 22:05, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• Length, date, and hook verified. Bradjamesbrown (talk) 22:11, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

Dos Cuadras Offshore Oil Field

• ... that the oil in the 1969 Santa Barbara oil spill, which killed upwards of 10,000 birds and numerous other creatures along the coast of California, U.S., came from the Dos Cuadras Offshore Oil Field? Created by Antandrus (talk). Nominated by PFHLai (talk) at 14:39, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• Length, date, and hook verified. Bradjamesbrown (talk) 22:39, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

Andrew Cowper

• ... that Andrew Cowper was awarded the Military Cross three times in the First World War for his efforts in destroying 19 German aircraft?

• ALT1:... that Australian flying ace Andrew Cowper was credited with shooting down 19 German aircraft during a four month period in the First World War?

5x expanded by Abraham, B.S. (talk). Nominated by Abraham, B.S. (talk) at 14:34, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• Length and expansion verified. Offline refs accepted in good faith; both hooks ready. Bradjamesbrown (talk) 22:19, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

Peppy (polar bear)

• ... that, to promote their Glacier Mints (iconified by Peppy the polar bear), Fox's Confectionery used to exhibit a stuffed polar bear at public events? Created by Anonymous Dissident (talk). Self nom at 02:23, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• Date and fact verified. Length is a bit too short (1450 bytes whereas the low limit is 1500). If you can expand the article with useful content, please do so. Materialscientist (talk) 12:51, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• Done. —Anonymous Dissident^Talk 09:37, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

  Thank you. Above 1500 now. Pity we don't have a picture of the bear. Materialscientist (talk) 09:43, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

• I've requested permission for a picture, actually. I'll work on it. —Anonymous Dissident^Talk 10:01, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Claude d'Abbeville

• ... that Claude d'Abbeville was a Franciscan missionnary who wrote in 1614 about the dispatch of Brazilian Tupinambá Indians (pictured) to the French king Louis XIII? Created by Per Honor et Gloria (talk). Nominated by Per Honor et Gloria (talk) at 05:12, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

Dominique Caillat

• ... that Swiss playwright and writer Dominique Caillat briefly worked as an international lawyer before turning to literature and the stage, which helped her receive a basic training in acting and directing? Created by Zwikki (talk). Nominated by Secret Saturdays (talk) at 03:58, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

• Length, date, and hook verified. Bradjamesbrown (talk) 04:21, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

Aiphanes chiribogensis

• ... that the palm Aiphanes chiribogensis is considered to be vulnerable to extinction because none of the seven known populations lie within Ecuador's network of protected areas? 5x expanded by Guettarda (talk). Self nom at 02:17, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

• Length, date, and hook verified. Thank you for your contribution! Intelligentsium 23:24, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

Anacostia Historic District

• ... that Uniontown, Washington, D.C.'s first "suburban" community, is part of the Anacostia Historic District (typical houses depicted)? Created by Tim1965 (talk). Self nom at 01:56, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

Wyre Forest Council election, 2004

• ... that ten married couples were candidates in the 2004 Wyre Forest Council election in Worcestershire, England? Created by Davewild (talk). Self nom at 21:09, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

• Length, date, and hook verified. Bradjamesbrown (talk) 08:24, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

Comerica Bank New Year's Parade

• ... that the Comerica Bank New Year's Parade, originally held for the Cotton Bowl Classic, is still held annually in Dallas even though the Cotton Bowl has moved to Arlington, Texas? Created by Fetchcomms (talk). Self nom at 20:46, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

• Yes I know it's too late for New Year's submissions, but it doesn't hurt to add one for a later date.  fetchcomms☛ 20:48, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

- Length, date, ref - all set. Fleetflame · whack! whack! · 04:34, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

Josef Hora

• ... that Josef Hora was one of the seven Czech writers rebelling against Stalinist leader of Czechoslovak communists Klement Gottwald in 1929? Created (5x larger than original three lines;) and self-nom by --Aloysius (talk) 20:37, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

Date, length verified. Reference AGF. "Disapproved" is probably a better word than "rebelled" (? as I understand, they only expressed their displeasure with the government). If so, an ALT1 could be ... that Josef Hora was one of the seven Czech writers who disapproved of the Stalinist government of Klement Gottwald in 1929? Materialscientist (talk) 10:09, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

Thanks. I agree with the ALT1.--Aloysius (talk) 11:30, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

Another, stronger word would be denounced, instead of merely "disapproved".  JGHowes  ^talk 00:21, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

To clarify, Gottwald was not in government in 1929. This deals with the shifts in leadership in the Czechoslovak Communist Party. Moreover, I feel that 'Stalinist' is used as a pejorative here rather than a demarkation. Did the other sectors of the party not support Stalin at the time? --Soman (talk) 11:03, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

The News at Bedtime

• ... that the satirical radio comedy The News at Bedtime is based on a column in Private Eye magazine? Created by ISD (talk). Nominated by ISD (talk) at 10:11, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

• ALT 1: ... that the theme music satirical radio comedy The News at Bedtime is a remix of the BBC News theme playing "Twinkle Twinkle Little Star"? ISD (talk) 20:39, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

Christian Leden

• ... that Norwegian musicologist Christian Leden was the first person to record film in the northern Arctic? Created by Rosiestep (talk). Self nom at 06:02, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

• Date, length, fact seem fine, but several paragraphs are uncited. Could you fix that? Materialscientist (talk) 10:30, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

• All paragraphs that are there now have English language citations. --Rosiestep (talk) 04:40, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

  Thank you. Verified. Materialscientist (talk) 09:02, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

Jairam Ramesh

• ... that when Mr. Jairam Ramesh (pictured) took over as Indian Minister for Environment and Forests on May 29, 2009, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh’s instructions to him were: "Be proactive."? 5x expanded by Marcus334 (talk). Self nom at 05:29, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

John Samuel Wanley Sawbridge-Ernle-Erle-Drax

• ... that John Samuel Wanley Sawbridge-Ernle-Erle-Drax (the "Silent MP") spoke only once in Parliament, to request an open window? Created by Nikkimaria (talk). Self nom at 03:42, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

• Note: Credit to User:Iridescent for the article idea. Nikkimaria (talk) 03:43, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

• Per the article's talkpage, I'm not sure about this at all - the source is a letter to the Times, with nothing to support it, and the story is one often told about other people. Shimgray | talk | 04:28, 31 December 2009 (UTC)
• I am also unsure about trusting a letter to the Times as sufficient proof for this. There's a very good chance this is a urban legend. Bradjamesbrown (talk) 08:30, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

Tracked Hovercraft

• ... that the prototype Tracked Hovercraft high-speed train was expected to reach 300 mph on its test track north of London, but had only broken 100 mph on a short portion before the program was cancelled in 1973? Created by Maury Markowitz (talk). Self nom at 02:42, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

Articles created/expanded on December 30

Benham Falls

• ... that about 7,000 years ago in central Oregon, Lava Butte exploded, and eventually created Benham Falls? Created by Smithers7 (talk). Self nom at 05:30, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Gniezno Doors

• ... that the bronze Gniezno Doors, of about 1175, are the only Romanesque doors in Europe decorated with scenes from the life of a saint (his murder pictured)? 5x expanded by Johnbod (talk). Nominated by Johnbod (talk) at 03:16, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Same-sex marriage under United States tribal jurisdictions

• ... that same-sex marriage under United States tribal jurisdictions has been allowed in the Coquille Indian Tribe of Oregon since May 2009? Created by Gidonb (talk), NatGertler (talk). Nominated by Hekerui (talk) at 23:49, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• ALT1: ... that same-sex marriage under United States tribal jurisdictions has been allowed in the Coquille Tribe of Oregon despite the state's defense of marriage amendment? Hekerui (talk) 23:59, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

Thomas Humber

• ... that Thomas Humber was apprenticed as a blacksmith in Kingston upon Hull and went on to found the Humber bicycle company in 1869 in Beeston? Created by Chienlit (talk). Nominated by Chienlit (talk) at 10:35, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

Mashallah Shamsolvaezin

• ... that Mashallah Shamsolvaezin, who founded and edited many of post-revolutionary Iran's most popular independent newspapers, was arrested at his Tehran home on December 28, 2009, in the aftermath of the 2009 Ashura protests? Created by CordeliaNaismith (talk). Nominated by CordeliaNaismith (talk) at 02:03, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

CordeliaNaismith (talk) 02:03, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

Minuscule 536

• ... that the Minuscule 536 (pictured) is one of the manuscripts purchased by Baroness Burdett-Coutts (1814–1906), a philanthropist? Created by Leszek Jańczuk (talk). Self nom at 19:34, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

Goose Creek Oil Field

• ... that the Goose Creek Oil Field in Galveston Bay had the first offshore oil wells in Texas, USA, and the removal of oil led to subsidence of the overlying terrain? Created by Antandrus (talk). Nominated by PFHLai (talk) at 19:32, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

HMS Lion (1910)

• ... that Royal Marine Francis Harvey, the mortally wounded commander of HMS Lion's 'Q' turret, was awarded the Victoria Cross for ordering the magazine flooded, which saved the ship during the Battle of Jutland? 5x expanded by Sturmvogel 66 (talk). Nominated by Sturmvogel 66 (talk) at 06:21, 1 January 2010 (UTC) Please save for 3 January DYK. This is likely a bit long, but I'd ask for an exception to be made considering it's a naval VC and in light of the maritime theme on 3 January.--Sturmvogel 66 (talk) 06:21, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

• Length, expansion, and hook verified. Now let's see about trimming it down some.
  1) 'mortally wounded' and 'posthumously' are redundant. The first implies the second.
  2) "Likely" could likely go, as the "London Gazette" credits him with saving the ship without equivocation.
  3) Maybe his branch of service, rank, or both could be removed?
  4) "Having ordered"? Why not just say "ordering"? Bradjamesbrown (talk) 08:37, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

• Deleted posthumously, likely and Major. Royal Marine is significant as many people don't realize that the Royal Marines normally manned a turret on a warship in the RN.--Sturmvogel 66 (talk) 16:33, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

Anacostia (Washington Metro)

• ... that disagreement over the relocation of a nursery delayed construction of the Washington Metro's Anacostia station (platform depicted)? 5x expanded by Tim1965 (talk). Nominated by Tim1965 (talk) at 02:04, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

• Length and expansion verified; offline hook accepted in good faith.

Maybe the hook could read:

• ... that disagreement over the relocation of a nursery during construction of the Washington Metro's Anacostia station (platform depicted) required an Act of Congress to resolve?
  
  That picture also doesn't look great at the minuscule resolution DYK uses. Is there another? Bradjamesbrown (talk) 08:44, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

• The revised hook is great, too. Sadly, there is no other image of this station. (Only two exist, and the other is no better than this one.) - Tim1965 (talk) 15:46, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

Red Tail Reborn

• ... that Red Tail Reborn, which chronicled the Red Tail Project's restoration of the P-51 Mustang (pictured), won regional Emmy Award recognition? Created by TonyTheTiger (talk). Nominated by TonyTheTiger (talk) at 01:52, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

• Looks ok. ≈ Chamal (sock) ^{Master · talk} 07:08, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

1833 territorial division of Spain

• ... that the 1833 territorial division of Spain into provinces has persisted with only small changes down to the present day?

• Comment: Another in my series of translations from Spanish. The original was nearly without citations; so far I've been able to cite for about 85% of what was there.

Created by Jmabel (talk). Self nom at 21:01, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

Split Rock Lighthouse State Park

• ... that Split Rock Lighthouse State Park in Minnesota has a clifftop lighthouse on the North Shore of Lake Superior built without roads? 5x expanded by Mcghiever (talk). Nominated by Jonathunder (talk) at 14:34, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

• it all checks out. Very nice work Dincher (talk) 18:53, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

Pail closet

• ... that the pail closet was once the preferred design of outdoor lavatory toilet in the Lancashire town of Rochdale, and that the night soil was collected by horse and cart, before being to be transformed into fertiliser? Created by Parrot of Doom (talk). Self nom at 13:33, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

• Hook a little too long at 210 characters, where less than 200 needed. Any chance it can be shortened abit? Calmer Waters 07:53, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

• How about now? Parrot of Doom 13:18, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

Paradox Valley

• ... that a project aiming to lower the salinity of the Colorado River has triggered thousands of earthquakes in Colorado's Paradox Valley (pictured)? Created by Suffusion of Yellow (talk). Self nom at 04:34, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

• Length, date and hook refs verified. --Bruce1ee^talk 06:23, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

Villers–Bretonneux Australian National Memorial

• ... that the Villers–Bretonneux Australian National Memorial (pictured) was the last of the great memorials to the missing of World War I to be built, and World War II broke out just over a year after its unveiling? Created by Carcharoth (talk). Self nom at 04:21, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

Stan Benjamin

• ... that while Stan Benjamin was a scout, the Houston Astros used his evaluation of Jeff Bagwell as the basis to make a trade for him on August 30, 1990? 5x expanded by Neonblak (talk). Nominated by Neonblak (talk) at 01:26, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

• I removed the typo "trade" before the word "make". Art LaPella (talk) 03:46, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

• Expansion, date, and hook verified. Bradjamesbrown (talk) 17:21, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

Washoe Lake State Park

• ... that extensive droughts have caused Washoe Lake (pictured) at Washoe Lake State Park in Nevada to dry up, most recently in 1992, 1994, and 2004? 5x expanded by Dincher (talk). Nominated by Dincher (talk) at 01:10, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

• date, length, fact verified. I hope this beautiful image makes the main page - it has suitable copyright. Royalbroil 02:49, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

1950 Salad Bowl

• ... that the 1950 Salad Bowl in Phoenix, Arizona, drew nearly 20,000 fans, setting a new statewide attendance record for football? Created by Mackensen (talk). Nominated by Mackensen (talk) at 00:46, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

• Length, date, and hook verified. Bradjamesbrown (talk) 17:23, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

Dope Stars Inc.

• ... that various songs by Dope Stars Inc were included on the soundtracks for Saw II, Saw III, and Saw IV? Created by GroundZ3R0 002 (talk). Self nom at 04:31, 30 December 2009 (UTC)

Dean Clark (footballer)

• ... that semi-professional footballer Dean Clark made over one hundred appearances for Northwood F.C.? Created by Miyagawa (talk). Self nom at 00:24, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

M 22

• ... that Ange Diawara, the leader of the Congolese rebel group M 22, sought inspiration from Che Guevara and the Cameroonian UPC? Created by Soman (talk). Self nom at 23:26, 30 December 2009 (UTC)

Usama ibn Munqidh

• ... that the poet and diplomat Usama ibn Munqidh wrote about the seemingly barbaric customs of the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem? 5x expanded by User:Adam Bishop (talk). Self nom at 22:19, 30 December 2009 (UTC)

The Candidate (TV)

• ... that The Candidate was an 2009 Afghan reality TV show that pit youth against each other in a mock presidential election? Created by Sadads (talk). Nominated by Sadads (talk) at 20:37, 30 December 2009 (UTC)

• Too short; does not meet 1500 character minimum. Intelligentsium 21:38, 30 December 2009 (UTC)

SS Elisabethville

• ... that although SS Elisabethville was requisitioned by the Ministry of War Transport during the Second World War, she did not become an Empire ship until 1947? Created by Mjroots (talk). Nominated by Mjroots (talk) at 18:47, 30 December 2009 (UTC)

• Date, length, and hook verified Calmer Waters 05:26, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

Elliot D. Coleman

• ... that the Louisiana sheriff Elliot D. Coleman was one of the police bodyguards on duty at the time of the 1935 assassination of U.S. Senator Huey P. Long, Jr.? Created by Billy Hathorn (talk). Self nom at 17:39, 30 December 2009 (UTC)

Stubbe – Von Fall zu Fall

• ... that Stubbe – Von Fall zu Fall is the most successful detective series produced by the ZDF? 5x expanded by SoWhy (talk). Self nom at 12:13, 30 December 2009 (UTC)

• Length and date verified, German hook refs accepted in good faith. --Bruce1ee^talk 14:37, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Wayang Musuem

• ... that the Wayang Museum in Jakarta contains the tombstone of Jan Pieterszoon Coen? Created by Rochelimit (talk). Self nom at 10:15, 30 December 2009 (UTC)

Jakarta History Museum

• ... that the Jakarta History Museum was formerly used as the administrative headquarters of the Dutch East India Company? 5x expanded by Rochelimit (talk). Self nom at 10:10, 30 December 2009 (UTC)

High Court of Andalusia

• ... that the High Court of Andalusia is the highest court of not only Andalusia, but of the Spanish exclaves of Ceuta and Melilla? Created by Jmabel (talk). Self nom at 08:08, 30 December 2009 (UTC)

Saw (video game)

• ... that Tobin Bell, as The Jigsaw Killer, was the only cast member returning to voice his character in the Saw video game based on the Saw films? Created by GroundZ3R0 002 (talk). Nominated by GroundZ3R0 002 (talk) at 10:19, 30 December 2009 (UTC)

• The article is too old; it was created 30 January 2008 by xeno; DYKs have to have been created or expanded fivefold within the last five days. As the article is already 27,000 characters of readable prose, this is not likely. Intelligentsium 22:29, 30 December 2009 (UTC)

List of Baccano! episodes

• ... that the episodes of Baccano! do not tell the events in chronological order?

• ALT1:... that the last three episodes of the anime series Baccano! never aired and were released direct-to-DVD?

Created by Itzjustdrama (talk). Self nom at 01:01, 30 December 2009 (UTC)

• Oh, psh. I forgot that it's unassessed. I recently asked for an assessment from WP:ANIME, and I'm still waiting on it. But I'm sure it it definitely higher than stub. ~Itzjustdrama ^{? C} 20:01, 30 December 2009 (UTC)

• I looked at 10 other nominated articles, and 5 are unassessed, so I don't believe that is a problem. Our current rule is at R5. Art LaPella (talk) 22:39, 30 December 2009 (UTC)

FYI, I've assessed as List-class (which is fine for DYK purposes), as it fits the characteristics of List-class articles. Hassocks5489 (tickets please!) 22:46, 30 December 2009 (UTC)

Older nominations

Articles created/expanded on December 29

Klemens Stefan Sielecki

• ... that five Fablok Luxtorpedas were constructed under the leadership of Klemens Stefan Sielecki? Created by Stanislawow (talk). Self nom at 06:39, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

Rancho San Miguel (Noe)

• ... that the Mexican land grant Rancho San Miguel encompassed the present-day San Francisco neighborhoods of Noe Valley, the Castro, Glen Park, Diamond Heights, and St. Francis Wood? Created by Emargie (talk). Nominated by Secret Saturdays (talk) at 16:59, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

SS Bergensfjord

• ... that the Norwegian ocean liner SS Bergensfjord (pictured) was requisitioned by the British Ministry of War Transport in 1940 and used as a troop ship throughout the Second World War?

• ALT1:... that the Norwegian ocean liner SS Bergensfjord (pictured) was chartered in 1946 to carry GI brides to the United States?

Created by Inwind (talk), Manxruler (talk). Self nom at 16:33, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

• Length, date OK, both hooks verified by sources quoted. Image is PD. Mjroots (talk) 17:23, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

Infant massage

• ... that the infant massage of preterm babies increases their blood serum levels of insulin and IGF-1 and this links to them gaining of extra body weight? Created by LittleHow (talk). Nominated by LittleHow (talk) at 12:16, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

• Everything checks out (well referenced); however, I wonder if a simpler hook may be beneficial since the article has not yet gone into why these specific increases do this (ie. conversion of glucose, inhibiting apoptosis, etc.) Maybe ALT1 ... that the infant massage of preterm babies has been shown to have many benefits, including the gaining of extra body weight? Calmer Waters 08:29, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

• The new hock is better. My main concern was to make a hock that directly summarized a cited online source. Less technical hock is an improvement.--LittleHow (talk) 09:36, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

Ya'qub Bilbul

• ... that Ya'qub Bilbul (1920–2003), an Iraqi Jew who wrote in Arabic, is considered a pioneer of the Iraqi novel and short story? 5x expanded by Tiamut (talk). Nominated by Tiamut (talk) at 14:35, 30 December 2009 (UTC)

Lam Brook

• ... that every year a road in Charlcombe, Somerset, in England is closed for seven weeks to allow newts, frogs and toads to safely reach breeding grounds on a tributary of the Lam Brook? Created by Jezhotwells (talk). Self nom at 00:15, 30 December 2009 (UTC)

• The reference states that it happened in 2006, but it does not support this happening "every year". The reference also does not mention the tributary (it simply says "in ponds and lakes") or Lam Brook. GaryColemanFan (talk) 21:08, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

• I've added another ref (the press release the BBC story was based on) which talks about the road being closed each year for the last 5 years. However (& I'm not sure if this is relevant) the hook is very similar to one I used for the village of Charlcombe, which appeared on the front page on 15th Feb 2007 which said "...that a road in Charlcombe, Somerset, England is closed for two months every spring to allow frogs and toads to cross safely?".— Rod ^talk 21:23, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

• In that case I will withdraw the DYK nomination. Jezhotwells (talk) 22:28, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

Mariama Signate

• ... that French team handball player Mariama Signate (pictured) was selected into the all-star team at the 2009 World Women's Handball Championship in China? 5x expanded by Oceanh (talk). Self nom at 23:20, 29 December 2009 (UTC)

Elias Bond

• ... that Rev. Elias Bond (1813–1896) used proceeds from a Hawaiian sugar plantation to fund his church and a girls' seminary? Created by W Nowicki (talk). Nominated by W Nowicki (talk) at 23:11, 29 December 2009 (UTC)

Xian H-6K

• ... that the Xian H-6K, which made its first flight in 2007, has been described as "China's first proper strategic bomber"? Created by Offliner (talk). Self nom at 22:57, 29 December 2009 (UTC)

• I'd just like to note that there is a discussion going on here about whether this article should be merged with the main H-6 article. -SidewinderX (talk) 16:16, 30 December 2009 (UTC)

God the Father in Western art

• ... prior to the 10th century no attempt was made to portray God the Father in Western art in terms of a human form? Created by History2007 (talk). Self nom at 21:27, 29 December 2009 (UTC)

ALT:... that in early depictions, Jesus, rather than God the Father was depicted in scenes from the Old Testament?

• Among lesser changes, my biggest change was to pipe the "God the Father" link to the "God the Father in Western art" article, according to I4. Art LaPella (talk) 22:22, 29 December 2009 (UTC)

Scarman report

• ... that the Scarman report into the 1981 Brixton riots found evidence of the disproportionate use of 'stop and search' powers by the police against black people, but concluded that "institutional racism" did not exist? Created by SasiSasi (talk). Self nom at 21:44, 29 December 2009 (UTC)

Sam Hanna

• ... that upon the death of Louisiana newspaper publisher Sam Hanna, his state's press association in 2006 renamed its "Best Regular Column" award in his honor? Created by Billy Hathorn (talk). Self nom at 20:27, 29 December 2009 (UTC)

ALT:... that the late newspaper publisher Sam Hanna is among the relatively few journalists inducted into the Louisiana Political Museum and Hall of Fame?

Henry Kirke Bush-Brown

• ... that sculptor Henry Kirke Brown's nephew, Henry Kirke Bush-Brown, created four monuments at Gettysburg Battlefield, including a bust of Abraham Lincoln and equestrian statues of Generals Meade, Reynolds (pictured), and Sedgwick? Created by Kaisershatner (talk). Nominated by Kaisershatner (talk) at 18:13, 29 December 2009 (UTC)

• Hook length currently at 235 characters, not counting (pictured), whereas less than 200 is required Calmer Waters 01:58, 30 December 2009 (UTC)

Edited hook-counting 198 char now I think? Kaisershatner (talk) 04:51, 30 December 2009 (UTC)

I currently count 221 characters. Spaces and punctuation all count as characters within the hook (excluding pictured). This tool will assist in trimming the hook [1] Kindly Calmer Waters 18:52, 30 December 2009 (UTC)

Thanks for your help, sorry to be dense. I think this hook just makes it, if "that" is not included. "... that sculptor Henry Kirke Brown's nephew, Henry Kirke Bush-Brown, created four works at Gettysburg Battlefield: a bust of Abraham Lincoln and statues of Generals Meade, Reynolds (pictured), and Sedgwick?" Kaisershatner (talk) 04:30, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

• ALT1 (198 char):"... that sculptor Henry Kirke Brown's nephew, Henry Kirke Bush-Brown, created four works at Gettysburg Battlefield: a bust of Abraham Lincoln and statues of Generals Meade, Reynolds (pictured), and Sedgwick? Kaisershatner (talk) 21:21, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

Come What(ever) May

• ... that during the recording process of Stone Sour's second album Come What(ever) May drummer Joel Ekman decided to leave the band following the diagnosis of his son's brainstem glioma? 5x expanded by Rezter (talk). Nominated by Rezter (talk) at 16:29, 29 December 2009 (UTC)

Hotel Valley Ho

• ... that Bette Davis, Roy Rogers, Frankie Avalon, Humphrey Bogart, Betty Grable, Janet Leigh, Cary Grant and Tony Curtis were known to have stayed at the Hotel Valley Ho (pictured) in Scottsdale, Arizona? Created by Binksternet (talk), Dr. Blofeld (talk). Nominated by Dr. Blofeld (talk) at 14:25, 29 December 2009 (UTC)

• ALT1: ... that when the Hotel Valley Ho (pictured) in Scottsdale, Arizona was being renovated, the architects discovered original plans for an unbuilt guest room tower?

• Alternate hook and image submitted. Binksternet (talk) 21:06, 29 December 2009 (UTC)

  Date, length, fact verified for the main hook (which I favor :) Materialscientist (talk) 10:50, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

• Comment: Instead of "were known to have stayed at" why not just "all stayed at"? - Jmabel | Talk 01:44, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

Harlan Sanborn

• ... that Harlan Sanborn coached the North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball team to their lowest offense score ever with the team only scoring eight points during a game? Created by Remember (talk). Self nom at 13:30, 29 December 2009 (UTC)

Heinrich Hoffmann (pilot)

• ... that World War II German fighter ace Heinrich Hoffmann was the first non commissioned officer and first posthumous recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves? 5x expanded by MisterBee1966 (talk). Nominated by MisterBee1966 (talk) at 12:41, 29 December 2009 (UTC)

Ian Hunter (footballer)

• ... that despite scoring a hat-trick on debut, footballer Ian Hunter was never again selected for Australia? Created by Hack (talk). Self nom at 07:09, 29 December 2009 (UTC)

The Jacksons: A Family Dynasty

• ... that Rebbie Jackson felt that her brother Michael would "spin in his grave" if he thought that his children (pictured with him in 2006) were going to appear in The Jacksons: A Family Dynasty? Created by Pyrrhus16 (talk). Nominated by Pyrrhus16 (talk) at 06:13, 29 December 2009 (UTC)

Puerto Ángel

• ... that a previously undescribed species of coral called Pocillopora sp. was found off the coast of Puerto Ángel, Mexico? 5x expanded by Thelmadatter (talk). Self nom at 01:40, 29 December 2009 (UTC)

• ALT ... that Puerto Ángel has a beach named "Cemetery Beach"? AlejandroLinaresGarcia (talk) 22:31, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

Articles created/expanded on December 28

Albert Pattengill

• ... that Greek professor Albert Pattengill played on Michigan's 1867 baseball team, nominated "azure-blue and maize" as the university's colors, and was one of the founders of the Big Ten Conference? Created by Cbl62 (talk). Nominated by Cbl62 (talk) at 01:15, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

• Wizardman _{Operation Big Bear} 18:30, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

HMS Lord Clive (1915)

• ... that the British monitor Lord Clive was modified in 1917 to handle one of the enormous 2500-ton pontoons that was to be lashed in place between her and Sir John Moore for an amphibious landing planned along the Belgian coast?

• ALT1:... that the British monitor Lord Clive was stationed in the Thames Estuary in December 1916 to shoot down approaching German Zeppelins with shrapnel shells fired by her 12-inch (305-mm) main guns?

5x expanded by Sturmvogel 66 (talk). Nominated by Sturmvogel 66 (talk) at 03:09, 1 January 2010 (UTC) Please save for 3 January DYK.--Sturmvogel 66 (talk) 03:09, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

Adolphe Clément

• ... that Adolphe Clément, an orphan who had been apprenticed to a blacksmith, rose to become a leading French manufacturer of bicycles, pneumatic tyres, motorcycles, automobiles, aeroplanes and airships (Clement-Bayard airship pictured)? Created by Chienlit (talk). Nominated by Chienlit (talk) at 09:38, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

• Length, date OK. Hook facts not all verified. No cite for leading cycle brand in France in 1890. Suggest changing "the leading" to "a" in hook. Wikilinks added to hook. Mjroots (talk) 11:20, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

• Done, cite added for bikes and hook clarified. Chienlit (talk) 12:14, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

All Is Love

• ... that The Langley Schools Music Project inspired Karen O (pictured) to incorporate an untrained children's choir into "All Is Love", a song from Where the Wild Things Are? 5x expanded by Liquidluck (talk). Self nom at 04:18, 30 December 2009 (UTC)

• Note: I've fixed the links so they'd do to the film page and the actual song. ;) The Flash ^{talk} 04:29, 30 December 2009 (UTC)

Thanks! Liqudluck✽talk 04:38, 30 December 2009 (UTC)

Smith and Grady v UK

• ... that the European Court of Human Rights in Smith and Grady v UK found that the discharge of personnel from the British Army on the basis of sexual orientation was a breach of their right to a private life? Created by Ajbpearce (talk). Self nom at 00:20, 30 December 2009 (UTC)

Kukaniloko Birth Site

• ... that some astronomers have speculated that the Kukaniloko Birth Site may be a Hawaiian Stonehenge? 5x expanded by Joel Bradshaw (talk). Self nom at 08:33, 29 December 2009 (UTC)

• it all checks out. Dincher (talk) 17:57, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

• Article states "might also have made it a sort of Hawaiian Stonehenge", but does not state that this was the perceived view from astronomers. This needs to be addressed within the article Calmer Waters 03:52, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

Good point. How about the more judicious wording now? Joel (talk) 20:51, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Billy Sandow

• ... that, although champion boxer Jack Dempsey refused a challenge from professional wrestling manager Billy Sandow to fight Ed "Strangler" Lewis, the Chicago Tribune predicted that Lewis would win in 38 minutes? 5x expanded by 208.120.153.110 (talk). Nominated by GaryColemanFan (talk) at 05:33, 29 December 2009 (UTC)

Matford Vic

• ... that Matford Vic, a two-time winner of the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show was purchased at one time for only £2? Created by Miyagawa (talk). Self nom at 00:32, 29 December 2009 (UTC)

Vance Seamounts

• ... that the underwater volcanoes of the Vance Seamounts are pocketed by multiple calderas, many of which have been almost erased by newer flows? 5x expanded by Resident Mario (talk). Nominated by Resident Mario (talk) at 23:53, 28 December 2009 (UTC)

Alice Verlet

• ... that coloratura soprano Alice Verlet gave a 1922 opera and song recital at Carnegie Hall accompanied on violin by a young Xavier Cugat, who later achieved fame as the "rhumba king"? Created by Drhoehl (talk). Nominated by Drhoehl (talk) 28 December 2009 (UTC)

• Such statements such as this in the article appear to be OR or the editor's conclusion: "Some twenty-five years later, ending a concert tour on March 17, 1922, Verlet would revisit that hall in what today seems a curious crossing of paths; no one in attendance would have guessed that she, the featured artist, ultimately would not be the best-remembered participant." Recommend that any unsourced opinion be removed from article. Otherwise, the article's length and date are verified. However, there is no source that Cugat achieved fame as a "rhumba king". Rather that he was "the first bandleader to front a successful Latin orchestra in the United States". —mattisse (Talk) 22:41, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Thanks for the kind words; I've shortened the lead-in description of the recital as suggested. As to the "rhumba king" bit, here's the first sentence of the cited source: "'Rumba King' Xavier Cugat was the first bandleader to front a successful Latin orchestra in the United States." Further down, the source mentions that one of his tunes sparked a "rumba craze across America" in the 1930s. Is that not sufficient? Trying to shoe-horn "first successful leader of a Latin band in the United States" or similar into the hook would run it far over the character limit. Drhoehl (talk) 01:39, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

• All verified. (Sorry I missed the "rhumba king" part above.) —mattisse (Talk) 15:08, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

President Jackson Seamounts

• ... that the eight volcanoes of the President Jackson Seamounts are heavily pocketed by 29 calderas and pit craters? Created by Resident Mario (talk). Nominated by Resident Mario (talk) at 22:33, 28 December 2009 (UTC)

• The reference for the hook returns an error message:[2] (I edited the hook slightly for flow; hope that's ok.)—mattisse (Talk) 01:11, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

The Uncertainty Principle (The Spectacular Spider-Man)

• ... that the supposed revelation of the Green Goblin's true identity in the Spectacular Spider-Man episode "The Uncertainty Principle" would be disproved by the series' second season finale? Created by SuperFlash101 (talk). Nominated by SuperFlash101 (talk) at 21:20, 28 December 2009 (UTC)

• Suggest another hook please. Don't think we should have spot spoilers for those who may not live in the US and have yet to even see the premier Victuallers (talk)

• Aren't we totally against avoiding spoilers? Alas, though, here's an ALT1: ... that Kevin Hopps, writer of the Spectacular Spider-Man episode "The Uncertainty Principle," kept in mind previous battle sequences in the series so he could make those featured in the episode more interesting? (this was my original hook, but I changed it because it was rather hard to make clear enough) The Flash ^{talk} 01:32, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• ALT1: is 210 characters and therefore too long. Max is 200 characters. How about:

• ALT2: ... that Kevin Hopps, writer of the Spectacular Spider-Man episode "The Uncertainty Principle," kept in mind previous battle sequences in the series in order to "up the stakes"? —mattisse (Talk) 15:23, 4 January 2010 (UTC)
• This hook is verified, along with length and date. —mattisse (Talk) 15:23, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Mike Mikulak

• ... that 1930s NFL fullback "Iron Mike" Mikulak got his nickname because he wore a metal chest protector over his protuding sternum? Created by Esprqii (talk). Self nom at 20:32, 28 December 2009 (UTC)

• It meets the criteria now, but I would like to see at least a short summary of his NFL career. The article seems quite incomplete right now. GaryColemanFan (talk) 16:20, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

• Length, date and source for hook verified. —mattisse (Talk) 14:59, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Loren Singer

• ... that Loren Singer's 1970 book The Parallax View, later made into the 1974 thriller starring Warren Beatty, allowed Singer to leave a job as a printing salesman working for his father-in-law? 5x expanded by Alansohn (talk). Self nom at 18:03, 28 December 2009 (UTC)

Tim Costello (labor advocate)

• ... that author and anti-globalization advocate Tim Costello started his writing career in the back of his truck while traveling around the United States as a long-haul truck driver? Created by Alansohn (talk). Self nom at 15:21, 28 December 2009 (UTC)

Hugh Norman-Walker

• ... that Sir Hugh Norman-Walker was forced to decline the appointment of the Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man in 1973 because his wife would not take up the new post with him? 5x expanded by Clithering (talk). Nominated by Clithering (talk) at 13:58, 28 December 2009 (UTC)

William Garrow

• ... that Sir William Garrow, a barrister from the Regency England period whose work was largely forgotten for much of the 19th and 20th centuries, was recently cited in a 2006 Irish Court of Criminal Appeal case? Ironholds (talk) 09:24, 28 December 2009 (UTC)

• Date and expansion verified, off-line hook accepted in good faith. Bradjamesbrown (talk) 18:47, 28 December 2009 (UTC)

Articles created/expanded on December 27

Manlius Village Historic District

• ... that five houses with pilasters are preserved in the Manlius Village Historic District (example pictured)? 5x expanded by Doncram (talk), Lvklock (talk). Self nom at 04:53, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

Rhi Jeffrey

• ... that 2004 Olympic silver medalist Rhi Jeffrey left competitive swimming just four months before the U.S. Olympic Trials for Beijing? Created by Bradjamesbrown (talk). Self nom at 01:18, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

• Comment: Presumably "left swimming" should be something like "left competitive swimming"? - Jmabel | Talk 01:41, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

• Maybe it should. Edited the hook. Bradjamesbrown (talk) 02:57, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

Green Line (Washington Metro)

• ... that two months after the final five Green Line stations on Washington, D.C.'s Metro opened, more than 30,600 riders per day boarded at the stations—three times as many as originally estimated? 5x expanded by Tim1965 (talk). Nominated by Tim1965 (talk) at 15:44, 30 December 2009 (UTC)

Sierras de Cazorla, Segura y Las Villas Natural Park

• ... that Sierras de Cazorla, Segura y Las Villas Natural Park has at least 2170 plant species, 34 of them found nowhere else?

• Comment: This is one of a bunch of translations from the Spanish Wikipedia I've been doing recently. The Spanish originals are basically without references. In this case, I took a couple of hours to track down references, and have been able to cite for about half the article (and make some corrections).

Created by Jmabel (talk). Self nom at 04:35, 28 December 2009 (UTC)

Markeli

• ... that in 792 the Bulgarians captured the tent and treasury of the Byzantine emperor during a battle at the fortress of Markeli near modern Karnobat, Bulgaria? Created by TodorBozhinov (talk). Nominated by TodorBozhinov (talk) at 20:20, 27 December 2009 (UTC)

• Date/length verified, AGF on hook source. Skäpperöd (talk) 22:24, 27 December 2009 (UTC)

Yardymli meteorite

• ... that the Yardymli meteorite was the third biggest meteorite to fall on the territory of the former Soviet Union, after the Tunguska event and the Sikhote-Alin meteorite? Created by Brandmeister (talk). Self nom at 19:14, 27 December 2009 (UTC)

• Length and date verified. Offline source for hook accepted on good faith. —mattisse (Talk) 19:24, 27 December 2009 (UTC)

Search over russian wiki easily reveals that this meteorite (only ~150 kg) was not 3rd. Other issues: (i) the source is obsolete and hardly reliable in this topic; (ii) two masses are often compared - found on the ground and estimate before entering the atmosphere - the "nth rank" should explain that. Materialscientist (talk) 05:25, 29 December 2009 (UTC)

Could you give any related reference (until 1991, when the USSR was dissolved)? I'll replace then with some other fact. Brand[t] 07:42, 29 December 2009 (UTC)

What I can provide right now is links to ru.wikipedia pages with meteorites found on Russian (that is narrower than USSR) territory before 1990, which are heavier than 150 kg. The list doesn't include two famous ones mentioned in the article, and is hardly complete. [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] Materialscientist (talk) 07:58, 29 December 2009 (UTC)

ALT: ... that a sample of the Yardymly meteorite was preserved in the Fersman Mineralogical Museum of Moscow? Brand[t] 09:12, 29 December 2009 (UTC)

This is a rather uninteresting hook, which is usually not a reason for demotion, but IMO, this is one of those cases. Materialscientist (talk) 09:59, 30 December 2009 (UTC)

ALT1: ... that the Yardymly meteorite features a sizable Widmanstätten pattern and an anomalously low amount of tritium?--Chanaka L (talk) 14:48, 30 December 2009 (UTC)

Thank you Chanaka, IMO, ALT1 is much better and I was trying to push the nominator to think this way :-) - it was quite obvious that any mentioning of relevant facts like low tritium content (whatever it might mean) would twist the hook. However, neither part of the hook is supported by the references. Most refs for this article are not WP:RS or are simply incorrect (see above) which is a valid reason for rejecting this nom (factual incorrectness). Materialscientist (talk) 00:26, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

Articles created/expanded on December 26

Leonid Kharitonov (actor)

• ... that actor Leonid Kharitonov's lyrical singing in the war film, The Soldier Ivan Brovkin, made him an all-Soviet heart-throb in 1955? Created by Storye book (talk). Self nom at 01:05, 29 December 2009 (UTC)

• Date, length, fact seem fine, but we need better referencing - his whole biography is cited to the russian wiki which is not allowed. Materialscientist (talk) 07:22, 30 December 2009 (UTC)

• Thank you, Materialscientist, for your advice. The article has now been expanded and properly referenced. The Russian Wiki refs have been removed. The article should now be acceptable for nomination.--Storye book (talk) 16:12, 30 December 2009 (UTC)

  Better, but still does not qualify as WP:RS. Materialscientist (talk) 06:31, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

• I understand now that I need one or more book-biography (or newspaper/magazine) references, and that I have about a week from today to find them, before missing out on DYK. I have started searching. Thank you for your help so far.--Storye book (talk) 12:06, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

• UPDATE: The printed book-biography inline reference has now been added as appropriate, and the text has been re-edited to fit. All conditions for DYK are now fulfilled.--Storye book (talk) 15:50, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Christian August Thoring, John S. Tveit, Lars Vaage

• ... that Christian Aug. Thoring tried several times to become mayor of Rogaland County, but lost out to Beint Bentsen in 1975, John S. Tveit in 1979 and Lars Vaage in 1983? Created by Geschichte (talk). Self nom at 23:48, 26 December 2009 (UTC)

Rapperswil Castle

• ... that the 13th-century Rapperswil Castle (pictured) in Rapperswil, Switzerland, was restored in the 19th century by Count Wladyslaw Broel-Plater and became the home of the Polish Museum? Created by Roland zh (talk). Nominated by Nev1 (talk) at 20:11, 26 December 2009 (UTC)

• Rather a lot of this is uncited. As a rule of thumb, we ask for one cite per paragraph. Gatoclass (talk) 13:43, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

• I thought it used to be that the hook had to be cited and, well, that was it? No complaints here though, higher standards are better. I'll see what I can do about more sources. Nev1 (talk) 23:57, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Special occasion holding area

Note: Articles nominated for a special occasion should be nominated within five days of creation or expansion as usual (with the exception of April Fools'). Also, articles should be nominated at least five days before the occasion to give reviewers time to check the nomination.

Articles created/expanded for January 10

Chopard Diamond award

• ... that Rod Stewart (pictured), Mariah Carey, Celine Dion, Bon Jovi, Michael Jackson and The Beatles have all received the Chopard Diamond award?

• Comment: Rod Stewart's 65th birthday is on January 10.

5x expanded by Pyrrhus16 (talk). Nominated by Pyrrhus16 (talk) at 18:14, 29 December 2009 (UTC)

• Date, expansion, and hook verified. –MuZemike 04:40, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Articles created/expanded for January 15

Mattu Pongal

• ... that today - on Mattu Pongal, the bull riding sport Jallikattu - that has led to deaths in past - is traditionally conducted in the villages of Tamil Nadu, India? Created by Nvvchar (talk). Nominated by Redtigerxyz (talk) at 14:31, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Articles created/expanded for January 19

Ganesh Jayanti

• ... that today - on Ganesh Jayanti (Ganesha's birthday) - the Hindu god Ganesha is worshipped by couples to beget a son? Created by Redtigerxyz (talk), Nvvchar (talk). Nominated by Redtigerxyz (talk) at 13:28, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Articles created/expanded for Australia Day or Republic Day in India (January 26)

Would this be good? If so I'd be ok with moving it to over here :). Not sure if the article has to be Australia-related or Australia DAY related... ResMar 00:14, 29 December 2009 (UTC)

See also

• User:AlexNewArtBot/GoodSearchResult – This is an automated list of promising new articles generated by AlexNewArtBot (talk • contribs • logs).

Additional info - part 2

Batting (cricket)

In the sport of cricket, batting is the act or skill of hitting the cricket ball with a cricket bat to score runs or prevent the loss of one's wicket. A player who is currently batting is denoted as a batsman, while the act of hitting the ball is called a shot or stroke. The terms batsman or specialist batsman are also used generically to describe players who specialise in batting (as opposed to e.g. bowlers who would specialise in bowling).

Battle of Jutland

The Battle of Jutland (German: Skagerrakschlacht; Danish: Søslaget ved Jylland / Søslaget om Skagerrak); informally known by participants as Der Tag (The Day)^[2], was the largest naval battle of World War I, and the only full-scale clash of battleships in that war. It was the sixth major fleet action between steel battleships, following the battles of Port Arthur, Yellow Sea, and Tsushima during the Russo-Japanese War and the battles of Elli and Lemnos during the Second Balkan War.

Battle of Marcellae

The Battle of Marcellae (Bulgarian: Битката при Маркели, Greek: Μάχη των Μαρκελλών) took place in 792 at Markeli, near the modern town of Karnobat in south eastern Bulgaria. It is not to be confused with the earlier battle at the same place.

Battle on Pyana River

The Battle on Pyana River took place on August 2, 1377 between the Blue Horde Khan Arapsha (Arab-Shah Muzaffar) and joint Russian troops under Knyaz Ivan Dmitriyevich, comprised of the Pereyaslavl, Yaroslavl, Yuryev, Nizhny Novgorod and Murom warlords.^[1]

Beatrice Mintz

Beatrice Mintz (born January 24, 1921 in New York City^[1]) is an American embryologist who has contributed to the understanding of genetic modification, cellular differentiation and cancer, particularly melanoma. ^[1][2]

Beint Bentsen

Beint Kristian Bentsen (25 July 1917 – 2003) was a Norwegian banker and politician for the Christian Democratic Party. He is best known as county mayor of Rogaland in the 1970s, but was also a member of four different municipal councils, an unusual achievement.^[1]

Belgium

The Kingdom of Belgium /ˈbɛldʒəm/ (help·info) is a country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters, as well as those of other major international organizations, including NATO.^[5] Belgium covers an area of 30,528 square kilometres (11,787 sq mi) and has a population of about 10.7 million.

Beltrán-Leyva Cartel

The Beltrán-Leyva Cartel is a Mexican drug trafficking cartel founded by the five Beltrán Leyva brothers: Marcos Arturo, Mario Alberto, Carlos, Alfredo and Héctor.^[1]

Benham Falls

Benham Falls are rapids of the Deschutes River located between Sunriver and Bend, Oregon, United States. They are rated an unpassable Class 6 for watercraft, and are cited as the largest falls on the Deschutes.

Benjamin Spock

Benjamin McLane Spock (May 2, 1903 – March 15, 1998) was an American pediatrician whose book Baby and Child Care, published in 1946, is one of the biggest best-sellers of all time. Its revolutionary message to mothers was that "you know more than you think you do."

Bette Davis

Ruth Elizabeth "Bette" Davis (April 5, 1908 – October 6, 1989) was an American actress of film, television and theatre. Noted for her willingness to play unsympathetic characters, she was highly regarded for her performances in a range of film genres; from contemporary crime melodramas to historical and period films and occasional comedies, though her greatest successes were her roles in romantic dramas.

Bible

The Bible, sometimes called the Holy Bible, can refer to one of two closely related religious texts central to Judaism and Christianity—the Hebrew or Christian sacred Scriptures respectively.

Bicycle

A bicycle, also known as a bike, push bike or cycle, is a pedal-driven, human-powered, single-track vehicle, having two wheels attached to a frame, one behind the other. A person who rides a bicycle is called a cyclist or a bicyclist.

Big Ten Conference

The Big Ten Conference is the United States' oldest Division I college athletic conference. Its eleven member institutions are located primarily in the Midwestern United States, stretching from Iowa and Minnesota in the west to Pennsylvania in the east. The conference competes in the NCAA's Division I; its football teams compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS), formerly known as Division I-A, the highest level of NCAA competition in that sport. Member schools of the Big Ten also are members of the Committee on Institutional Cooperation, a leading educational consortium. Despite the conference's name, since Penn State joined in 1990, there have been 11 schools in the Big Ten, as signified by the hidden "11" in the Big Ten Conference logo (each "1" is on either side of the "T" in "Ten").

Billy Sandow

Wilhelm Baumann,^[1] better known as Billy Sandow (c. 1884 - September 15, 1972), was the manager of professional wrestler Ed "Strangler" Lewis and a subsequent member of the famed Gold Dust Trio promotion that changed the face of the industry during the 1920s (along with Lewis and Joseph "Toots" Mondt). He may have taken his ring name from Sandow, a professional wrestler and strongman in the late 1800s.^[2] Sandow also served as manager for such wrestling champions as Billy Jenkins, Marin Plestina, and Everett Marshall, and also used the ring name The Zebra Kid in 1951. He was a charter inductee of the Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame in 1996.^[3]

Bioluminescent

Bioluminescence is the production and emission of light by a living organism. Its name is a hybrid word, originating from the Greek bios for "living" and the Latin lumen "light". Bioluminescence is a naturally occurring form of chemiluminescence where energy is released by a chemical reaction in the form of light emission. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is involved in most instances. The chemical reaction can occur either inside or outside the cell. In bacteria, the expression of genes related to bioluminescence is controlled by an operon called the Lux operon. Bioluminescence has appeared independently several times (up to 30 or more)^[vague] throughout evolution.^[1]

Blacksmith

A blacksmith is a person who creates objects from iron or steel by forging the metal; i.e., by using tools to hammer, bend, and cut. Blacksmiths produce things like wrought iron gates, grills, railings, light fixtures, furniture, sculpture, tools, agricultural implements, decorative and religious items, cooking utensils, horseshoes and weapons.

Blind Willie Johnson

"Blind" Willie Johnson (January 22, 1897 – September 18, 1945) was an American singer and guitarist whose music straddled the border between blues and spirituals. While the lyrics of all of his songs were religious, his music drew from both sacred and blues traditions. Among musicians, he is considered one of the greatest slide or bottleneck guitarists, as well as one of the most revered figures of depression-era gospel music. His music is distinguished by his powerful bass thumb-picking and gravelly false-bass voice, with occasional use of a tenor voice.

Blood serum

In blood, the serum is the component that is neither a blood cell nor a clotting factor; it is the blood plasma with the fibrinogens removed. Serum includes all proteins not used in blood clotting and all the electrolytes, antibodies, antigens, hormones, and any exogenous substances (e.g., drugs and microorganisms).

Body weight

Although some people prefer the less-ambiguous term body mass, the term body weight is overwhelmingly used in daily English speech as well as in the contexts of biological and medical sciences to describe the mass of an organism's body. Body weight is measured in kilograms throughout the world, although in some countries people more often measure and describe body weight in pounds (e.g. United States and sometimes Canada) or stones and pounds (e.g. among people in the Commonwealth of Nations) and thus may not be well acquainted with measurement in kilograms. Most hospitals, even in the United States, now use kilograms for calculations, but use kilograms and pounds together for other purposes. (1 kg is approximately 2.2 lb; 1 stone (14 lb) is approximately 6.4 kg.)

Bodyguards

A bodyguard (or close protection officer^[1]) is a type of security guard or government agent who protects a person—usually a famous, wealthy, or politically important figure—from assault, kidnapping, assassination, stalking, loss of confidential information, or other threats.

Bon Jovi

Bon Jovi is an American rock band from Sayreville, New Jersey. Formed in 1983, Bon Jovi consists of lead singer and namesake Jon Bon Jovi, guitarist Richie Sambora, keyboardist David Bryan, drummer Tico Torres, former bassist Alec John Such, as well as current bassist Hugh McDonald.^[6] The band's line-up has remained mostly static during their 26-year history, the only exception being the departure of Alec John Such in 1994, who was unofficially replaced by Hugh McDonald. The band have become known for writing several rock anthems, and achieved widespread recognition with their third album Slippery When Wet, released in 1986. Bon Jovi are well-known for songs including "Livin' on a Prayer", which has become their signature song, as well as "You Give Love a Bad Name", "Wanted Dead or Alive", "Bad Medicine", "Keep the Faith", "Bed of Roses", "Always", "It's My Life" and "Have a Nice Day".

Brandon Kozun

Brandon Kozun (born March 8, 1990) is a Canadian-American ice hockey player currently playing for the Calgary Hitmen of the Western Hockey League (WHL). He is a draft pick of the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League (NHL), selected in the sixth round, 179th overall at the 2009 NHL Entry Draft. Although he was born in the United States, Kozun represents Canada internationally, and is a member of the Canadian junior team at the 2010 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships.

British Army

The British Army is the land armed forces branch of Her Majesty's Armed Forces in the United Kingdom. It came into being with the unification of the Kingdoms of England and Scotland into the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707. The new British Army incorporated Regiments that had already existed in England and Scotland and was administered by the War Office from London. It has been managed by the Ministry of Defence since 1963.

Brixton riots (1981)

The Brixton riot was a riot which took place in Brixton, London, England, on 11 April 1981. The riot resulted in almost 279 injuries to police and 45 injuries to members of the public;^[1] over a hundred vehicles were burned, including 56 police vehicles; and almost 150 buildings were damaged, with thirty burned. There were 82 arrests. Reports suggested that up to 5,000 people were involved in the riot.^[2] It was called "Bloody Saturday" by TIME magazine.^[3]

Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park

Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park is located in East Java, Indonesia, to the east of Malang and to the southeast of Surabaya, the capital of East Java. It is the only conservation area in Indonesia that has a sand sea,^[1] the Tengger Sand Sea (Indonesian: Laut Pasir Tengger), across which is the caldera of an ancient volcano (Tengger) from which four new volcanic cones have emerged. This unique feature covers a total area of 5,250 hectares at an altitude of about 2,100 m.^[1] The massif also contains the highest mountain in Java, Mount Semeru (3,676 m), four lakes and 50 rivers.

Bulgaria

Bulgaria (pronounced /bʌlˈɡɛəriə/ ( listen); Bulgarian: България, Bălgariya, pronounced [bəlˈɡarija]), officially the Republic of Bulgaria (Република България, Republika Bălgariya, [rɛˈpublika bəlˈɡarija]), is a country in the Balkans in south-eastern Europe. Bulgaria borders five other countries: Romania to the north (mostly along the River Danube), Serbia and the Republic of Macedonia to the west, and Greece and Turkey to the south. The Black Sea defines the extent of the country to the east.

Bust (sculpture)

A bust is a sculpted or cast representation of the upper part of the human figure, depicting a person's head and neck, as well as a variable portion of the chest and shoulders. The piece is normally supported by a plinth. These forms recreate the likeness of an individual. These may be of any suitable material (such as marble, bronze or clay).

Caldera

A caldera is a cauldron-like volcanic feature usually formed by the collapse of land following a volcanic eruption such as the ones at Yellowstone National Park in the US and Glen Coe in Scotland. They are sometimes confused with volcanic craters. The word comes from Spanish caldera, and this from Latin CALDARIA, meaning "cooking pot". In some texts the English term cauldron is also used.

California

California (pronounced /kælɨˈfɔrnjə/ ( listen)) is the most populous state in the United States,^[2] and the third largest by area. California is the second most populous sub-national entity in the Americas, behind only São Paulo, Brazil. It is located on the West Coast of the United States, and is bordered by Oregon to the north, Nevada to the northeast, Arizona to the southeast, the Mexican state of Baja California to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Its four largest cities are Los Angeles, San Diego, San Jose, and San Francisco.^[4] The state is home to the nation's second and sixth largest census statistical areas as well as eight of the nation's fifty most populous cities. California has a varied climate and geography, and a diverse population.

Cameroon

The Republic of Cameroon (French: République du Cameroun) is a unitary republic of central and western Africa. It is bordered by Nigeria to the west; Chad to the northeast; the Central African Republic to the east; and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the Republic of the Congo to the south. Cameroon's coastline lies on the Bight of Bonny, part of the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean. The country is called "Africa in miniature" for its geological and cultural diversity. Natural features include beaches, deserts, mountains, rainforests, and savannas. The highest point is Mount Cameroon in the southwest, and the largest cities are Douala, Yaoundé, and Garoua. Cameroon is home to over 200 different ethnic and linguistic groups. The country is well known for its native styles of music, particularly makossa and bikutsi, and for its successful national football team. English and French are the official languages.

Captain (Royal Navy)

Captain (Capt) is a senior officer rank of the Royal Navy. It ranks above Commander and below Commodore and has a NATO ranking code of OF-5. The rank is equivalent to a Colonel in the British Army or Royal Marines and to a Group Captain in the Royal Air Force. The rank of Group Captain is based on the Royal Navy rank. Sometimes the rank is described as Captain RN to distinguish it from the more junior army rank of Captain.

Carl Renezeder

Carl Renezeder (born April 16, 1964) is an American off-road racer for Renezeder Racing. As of the end of the 2009 season, Renezeder has won 87 short course national events while competing in Championship Off-Road Racing (CORR), World Series of Off Road Racing (WSORR), and Lucas Oil Off Road Racing Series (LOORRS).^[1] He has won a record seven short course off-road racing championships.^[2] Renezeder was also the first driver in short-course off-road racing history to win championships in both two wheel drive and four wheel drive trophy trucks in the same season when he won the 2009 Unlimited 2 and Unlimited 4 divisions in LOORRS.^[2]

Carl Sagan

Carl Edward Sagan (November 9, 1934 – December 20, 1996) was an American astronomer, astrochemist, author, and highly successful popularizer of astronomy, astrophysics and other natural sciences. He pioneered exobiology and promoted the Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence (SETI).

Carlos Beltrán Leyva

Carlos Beltrán Leyva is an alleged drug lord with the Mexican drug trafficking organization known as the Beltrán-Leyva Cartel. The cartel was created by the five Beltrán Leyva brothers: Héctor, Mario Alberto, Alfredo and Arturo.^[1]

Carnegie Hall

Carnegie Hall (generally pronounced /ˌkɑrnɨɡi ˈhɔːl/)^[3] is a concert venue in Midtown Manhattan in New York City located at 881 Seventh Avenue, occupying the east stretch of Seventh Avenue between West 56th Street and West 57th Street, two blocks south of Central Park.

Cary Grant

Archibald Alexander Leach^[2] (January 18, 1904 – November 29, 1986), better known by his stage name Cary Grant, was a British-American actor. With his distinctive yet not quite placeable Mid-Atlantic accent, he was noted as perhaps the foremost exemplar of the debonair leading man: handsome, virile, charismatic and charming.

Castra

The Latin word castra,^[1] with its singular castrum, was used by the ancient Romans to mean buildings or plots of land reserved to or constructed for use as a military defensive position. As the word appears in both Oscan and Umbrian (dialects of Italic) as well as in Latin,^[2] it probably descended from Indo-European to Italic. In classical Latin the word castra always means great legionary encampment, both marching, temporary ones and the fortified permanent ones, while the diminutive form castellum was used for the smaller forts, which were usually, but not always, occupied by the auxiliary units and used as logistic bases for the legions, as explained by Vegetius.^[3] A generic term is praesidium ("guard post or garrison"). The terms stratopedon ("army camp") and phrourion ("fort") were used by Greek language authors, in order to designate the Roman castra and the Roman castellum respectively. In English, the terms Roman Fortress, Roman Fort and Roman Camp are commonly used for the castra. However the scholars' convention always wants the use of the word Camp, Marching Camp and Fortress as a translation of castra and the use of the word Fort as a translation of castellum and this type of convention is usually followed and found in all the scholarly works.^[4]

Castrated

Castration (also referred to as: gelding, spaying, neutering, fixing, orchiectomy, oophorectomy) is any action, surgical, chemical, or otherwise, by which a male loses the functions of the testes or a female loses the functions of the ovaries. The term "castration" generally refers to males, but may occasionally refer to females.

Celine Dion

Céline Marie Claudette Dion ( /seɪlɪn dɪɒn/ (help·info)), CC, OQ (born March 30, 1968) is a Canadian singer, occasional songwriter, actress, and entrepreneur. Born to a large, impoverished family in Charlemagne, Quebec, Dion emerged as a teen star in the French-speaking world after her manager and future husband René Angélil mortgaged his home to finance her first record.^[2] In 1990, she released the anglophone album Unison, establishing herself as a viable pop artist in North America and other English-speaking areas of the world.^[3]

Cello

The cello (plural cellos or celli — the c is pronounced [tʃ], as in the ch in "check", thus "chel-lo") is a bowed string instrument. The word derives from the Italian violoncello. A person who plays a cello is called a cellist. The cello is used as a solo instrument, in chamber music, and as a member of the string section of an orchestra. It is the second largest bowed string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra, the double bass being the largest.

Central Council of United Trade Unions

The Central Council of United Trade Unions (abbreviated CCUTU, Persian: شورای متحده مرکزی اتحادیه کارگران و زحمتکشان ایران, 'Central United Council of the Trade Unions of Workers and Toilers of Iran') was a trade union centre in Iran.

Central Union of Workers and Peasants of Iran

The Central Union of Workers and Peasants of Iran (Persian: اتحادیه مرکزی کارگران و کشاورزان ایران, abbreviated امکا, EMKA) was a central trade union organization in Iran. EMKA was founded in 1947, after a split from the government-sponsored ESKI.^[1]

Ceuta

Ceuta is an autonomous city of Spain located on the North African side of the Strait of Gibraltar, on the Mediterranean, which separates it from the Spanish mainland. The area of Ceuta is approximately 19 square kilometres (7.3 sq mi).

Charlie Clouser

Charles Alexander "Charlie" Clouser (born June 28, 1963) is an American musician whose activities include playing keyboard, synth, theremin, and drums. He is known for his abilities in music programming, engineering, mixing, and remixing. He was a member of the band Nine Inch Nails 1994–2000. Before he was in Nine Inch Nails, he was in the alternative band Burning Retna with former L.A. Guns guitarist Mick Cripps and fellow Nothing Records worker Sean Beavan. Clouser also was a member of the band 9 Ways To Sunday who released a self titled album in 1990. Clouser has remixed artists such as Deftones, White Zombie, Rob Zombie, Nine Inch Nails, Marilyn Manson, Rammstein, Prong, Killing Joke, Type O Negative, Zilch, Schwein, Collide, Real McCoy, 12 Rounds, Foetus, Del tha Funkee Homosapien, Deltron 3030, Meat Beat Manifesto, SplatterCell, David Bowie, Puff Daddy, Howard Stern, Everlast, Snake River Conspiracy, A Perfect Circle, Stellar, Vixtrola, Reach 454, FAT, Die Krupps, Apartment 26, Fuel, John Frusciante, Puscifer, Belinda Carlisle, Radiator, Alec Empire, Tino Corp., Esthero, and Black Light Burns.

Cheshire

Cheshire (pronounced /ˈtʃɛʃə/ CHESH-ə); also known, archaically, as the County of Chester)^[1] is a ceremonial county in North West England. The traditional county town is the city of Chester,^[2] although Cheshire's largest town is Warrington. Other major towns include Congleton, Crewe, Ellesmere Port, Widnes, Runcorn, Macclesfield, Nantwich, Northwich, and Wilmslow.^[3] The county is bordered by Merseyside and Greater Manchester to the north, Derbyshire to the east, Staffordshire and Shropshire to the south, Flintshire and Wrexham in Wales to the west.

Chet Atkins

Chester Burton Atkins (June 20, 1924 – June 30, 2001), better known as Chet Atkins, was an American guitarist and record producer who created, along with Owen Bradley, the smoother country music style known as the Nashville sound, which expanded country's appeal to adult pop music fans as well.

Chile

Chile, officially the Republic of Chile (Spanish: República de Chile Spanish pronunciation: [reˈpuβlika ðe ˈʧile]), is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far south. It is one of two countries in South America (with Ecuador) which do not border Brazil. The Pacific coastline of Chile is 6,435 kilometres.^[4] Chilean territory includes the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández, Salas y Gómez, Desventuradas and Easter Island. Chile also claims about 1,250,000 square kilometres (480,000 sq mi) of Antarctica, although all claims are suspended under the Antarctic Treaty.

Chopard Diamond award

The Chopard Diamond award, or simply the Diamond award, is a special award of merit given by the World Music Awards to recording artists who have sold over 100 million albums during their career.^[1] The World Music Awards were established in 1989. Honors are presented annually by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) and are based entirely on worldwide sales figures in the music industry.^[2]

Choristhemis flavoterminata

Choristhemis flavoterminata or Eusynthemis paradoxa, more commonly known as the Yellow-tipped Tigertail, is a species of Odonata (more commonly known as dragonflies), from the family Synthemistidae, and the genus Choristhemis originating from Queensland, Australia.^[1][2] Yellow-tipped Tigertails prefer a warm, wet climate and often reside near rivers where they will also lay their larvae.^[3] Specimens of this type of dragonfly are noted in the A.N. Burns Collection in the Museum Victoria.^[4]

Choristhemis olivei

Choristhemis olivei, more commonly known as delicate tigertail, is a species of Odonata spanning from the family Corduliidae and the genus Choristhemis. This species originates from north-eastern Queensland, and some scientists speculate that this species are endemic to Mt. Lewis.^[1] Specimens of the Choristhemis olivei were first discovered in 1908 by R. J. Tillyard when two males of this species were found in Australia and documented in 1909. In 1999, one additional male was collected and documented by Günther Theischinger. The species is also noted in the Zoological Society of London.^[2] More recently, two scientists discovered a multitude of Choristhemis olivei on Thornton Peak, located on Cape Tribulation. One of these scientists took a sample of the larvae found on Thornton Peak for further research.

Christian August Thoring

Christian August Thoring (1 October 1919 – 2003) was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party. He was a failed candidate for the position as Rogaland's county mayor, and deputy county mayor, several times. He was also known as board chairman of Kommunal Landspensjonskasse and Rogalands Avis.

Christian Leden

Christian Leden (born Christian Refsaas; 17 July 1882 - 19 November 1957) was a Norwegian ethno-musicologist and composer. He was the first person to record film in the northern Arctic.^[1][2]

Chronicle

Generally a chronicle (Latin: chronica, from Greek χρονικά, from χρόνος, chronos, "time") is a historical account of facts and events ranged in chronological order. Typically, equal weight is given for historically important events and local events, the purpose being the recording of events that occurred, seen from the perspective of the chronicler. This is in contrast to a narrative or history, which sets selected events in a meaningful interpretive context and excludes those the author does not see as important. Scholars categorize the genre of chronicle into two subgroups: live chronicles, and dead chronicles. A dead chronicle is one where the author gathers his list of events up to the time of his writing, but does not record further events as they occur. A live chronicle is where one or more authors add to a chronicle in a regular fashion, recording contemporary events shortly after they occur. Because of the immediacy of the information, historians tend to value live chronicles, such as annals, over dead ones.

Cincinnati

Cincinnati is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Hamilton County.^[5] The municipality is located north of the Ohio River at the Ohio-Kentucky border. The population within city limits was estimated to be 333,336 in 2008^[1], making it the state's third largest city. According a 2008 Census Bureau estimate, the Cincinnati Metropolitan Area had a population of 2,155,137 making it the largest MSA in Ohio, and the 24th most populous in the United States.^[6] Residents of Cincinnati are called Cincinnatians.^[7]

Civil flag

A civil flag is a version of the national flag that is flown by civilians on non-government installations or craft. The use of civil flags was more common in the past, in order to denote buildings or ships that were not manned by the military.

Classical Greek

Classical Greece was a culture that was highly advanced and which heavily influenced the cultures of Ancient Rome and still has an enduring effect on Western Civilization. Much of modern politics, artistic thought, scientific thought, literature, and philosophy derives from this ancient society. In the context of the art, architecture, and culture of Ancient Greece, the classical period corresponds to most of the 6^th, 5^th and 4^th centuries BCE (the most common dates being the fall of the last Athenian tyrant in 510 BCE to the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE).

Claude d'Abbeville

Claude d'Abbeville was a French Franciscan monk of the 17th century, who worked as a missionary with the Tupinamba in Maranhao, modern Brazil. He was part of a colonizing party and a mission of four Franciscans sent under a 1611 patent letter from the Regent Marie de Médicis, and was also accompanied by Father Yves D'Evreux.^[1][2]

Clayton, West Virginia

Clayton is an unincorporated community in Summers County, West Virginia, United States. The community was first settled in 1813. Clayton once had a post office, which opened in 1878 and closed in 1959.^[2]

Coffee

Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted seeds, commonly called coffee beans, of the coffee plant. They are seeds of coffee cherries that grow on trees in over 70 countries. Green coffee, for example, is one of the most traded agricultural commodities in the world.^[1] Due to its caffeine content, coffee can have a stimulating effect in humans. Today, coffee is one of the most popular beverages worldwide.^[2]

Collapse of the Soviet Union

The Soviet Union's collapse into independent nations began early in 1985. After years of Soviet military buildup at the expense of domestic development, economic growth was at a standstill. Failed attempts at reform, a stagnant economy, and war in Afghanistan led to a general feeling of discontent, especially^{[citation needed]} in the Baltic republics and Eastern Europe. Greater political and social freedoms, instituted by the last Soviet leader, Mikhail Gorbachev, created an atmosphere of open criticism of the Moscow regime. The dramatic drop of the price of oil in 1985 and 1986, and consequent lack of foreign exchange reserves in following years to purchase grain profoundly influenced actions of the Soviet leadership.^[1]

College football

College football refers to American football played by teams of student athletes fielded by American universities, colleges and military academies. It was through college play that American football first gained popularity in the United States.

Colombia

Colombia (pronounced /kəˈlʌmbiə/), officially the Republic of Colombia (Spanish: República de Colombia, pronounced [reˈpuβlika ðe koˈlombja]  ( listen)), is a constitutional republic in northwestern South America. Colombia is bordered to the east by Venezuela^[8] and Brazil;^[9] to the south by Ecuador and Peru;^[10] to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the northwest by Panama; and to the west by the Pacific Ocean. Colombia also shares maritime borders with Jamaica, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica.^[11][12] With a population of nearly 45 million people, Colombia has the 29th largest population in the world and the second largest in South America, after Brazil. Colombia has the third largest Spanish-speaking population in the world after Mexico and Spain.

Colorado

Colorado ( /kɒləˈrædoʊ/ (help·info) or /kɒləˈrɑːdoʊ/ (help·info))^[6] is a U.S. state located in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States of America. It may also be considered to be part of the Western and Southwestern regions of the United States. In rare cases Eastern Colorado is considered part of the Midwestern United States. Colorado entered statehood in 1876 and was nicknamed the “Centennial State”. It is bordered to the north by Wyoming, to the south by New Mexico and Oklahoma, at the southwest corner by Arizona, to the east by Nebraska and Kansas and to the west by Utah.

Colorado River

The Colorado River ('Aha Kwahwat in Mojave),^[2] or the Red River, is a river in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, approximately 2,330 kilometres (1,450 mi) long, draining a part of the arid regions on the western slope of the Rocky Mountains. The natural course of the river flows from 25 km (16 mi) north of Grand Lake, Colorado into the Gulf of California, but the heavy use of the river as an irrigation source for the Imperial Valley has desiccated the lower course of the river in Mexico such that it no longer consistently reaches the sea.

Coloratura soprano

A coloratura soprano is a type of operatic soprano who specializes in music that is distinguished by agile runs and leaps. The term coloratura refers to the elaborate ornamentation of a melody, which is a typical component of the music written for this voice. Within the coloratura category, there are roles written specifically for lighter voices known as lyric coloraturas and others for larger voices known as dramatic coloraturas. Some roles may be sung by either voice. For example, Donizetti's Lucia di Lammermoor was famously done at the Metropolitan Opera for many years by Lyric Coloratura Lily Pons, whose voice was quite small and light, but more recently the same role was sung by Ruth Ann Swenson whose voice is larger. Likewise, dramatic coloraturas have been extremely successful in singing the lighter roles. Categories within a certain voice range are determined by the size, weight and color of the voice.

Column

A column in structural engineering is a vertical structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below. For the purpose of wind or earthquake engineering, columns may be designed to resist lateral forces. Other compression members are often termed "columns" because of the similar stress conditions. Columns are frequently used to support beams or arches on which the upper parts of walls or ceilings rest. In architecture "column" refers to such a structural element that also has certain proportional and decorative features. A column might also be a decorative or triumphant feature but need not be supporting any structure e.g. a statue on top.

Come What(ever) May

Come What(ever) May is the second studio album by American hard rock band Stone Sour. It was recorded and produced by the band and Nick Raskulinecz at Studio 606 in Los Angeles, California, and was released on August 1, 2006, through Roadrunner Records. Writing for the album began as early as 2003 when vocalist Corey Taylor and guitarist James Root were writing material for their other band, Slipknot. In January 2006 Stone Sour began recording the follow up to their 2002 debut album Stone Sour, during which time drummer Joel Ekman left the band due to family constraints. He was eventually replaced by ex-Soulfly drummer Roy Mayorga who played on all but 2 tracks on the album.

Comerica Bank New Year's Parade

The Comerica Bank New Year's Parade (also known as the Cotton Bowl Parade)^[1] is an annual New Year's Day parade held in downtown Dallas, Texas. The parade is sponsored by Comerica Bank, presented by the J. Curtis Sanford Parade Committee, and benefits the Field and Mary Scovell Scholarship Foundation.^[2] It was revived in 2007 and is held each year for the AT&T Cotton Bowl Classic.^[3] An estimated 100,000 people attend the parade each year. The parade route is 1.5 miles (2.4 km) long, starts in the Dallas Arts District and ends at the American Airlines Center, by Victory Park. It features about 80 different entries, including about 20 floats and various marching bands, balloons, and other such performances.^[2] The parade is followed by pep rallies in the park^[4] for each team competing in the Cotton Bowl.^[5] Although the game is now held in Cowboy Stadium at Arlington, Texas, the parade is still held in Dallas.^[3] The Dallas Convention & Visitors Bureau says that the New Year's Day parade is important to the local economy because it increases the amount of people shopping, dining, and staying in hotels during the end of the holiday season.^[6]

Comité de liaison de patronat de l'A.E.F.

Comité de liaison de patronat de l'A.E.F. ('Liaison Committee of Employers of French Equatorial Africa', abbreviated COLPAEF) was an employers' organization in French Equatorial Africa (AEF). It had territorial branches in each of the four territories of AEF (Gabon, Moyen-Congo, Oubangui-Chari and Chad). COLPAEF was founded a few days after the introduction of the French Overseas Labour Code in 1953.^[1][2] The organization was affiliated to the Conseil national du patronat français (CNPF), the French National Employers Council.^[3] A Permanent Secretariat coordinated the activities of the four territorial branches of COLPAEF.^[2]

Communist

Communism is a social structure in which classes are abolished and property is commonly controlled, as well as an ideology and social movement that advocates and aims to create such a society.^[1] Karl Marx, the father of communist thought, posited that communism would be the final stage in society, which would be achieved through a proletarian revolution and only possible after a socialist stage develops the productive forces, leading to a superabundance of goods and services.^[2][3]

Communist Party of Czechoslovakia

The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, in Czech and in Slovak: Komunistická strana Československa (KSČ) was a Communist and Marxist-Leninist political party in Czechoslovakia that existed between 1921 and 1992.

Communist Party of Norway

The Communist Party of Norway (Norges Kommunistiske Parti) is a political party in Norway without parliamentary representation. It was formed in 1923, following a split in the Norwegian Labour Party. The party played an important role in the resistance to German occupation during the Second World War, and experienced a brief period of political popularity after the war. However, after the onset of the Cold War the influence steadily declined. Since the mid 70s the party has played a minimal role in Norwegian politics. They are against the EU and other neo-liberal organizations.

Concentration camp

Internment is the imprisonment or confinement^[1] of people, commonly in large groups, without trial. The Oxford English Dictionary (1989) gives the meaning as: "The action of ‘interning’; confinement within the limits of a country or place". Most modern usage is about individuals, and there is a distinction between internment, which is being confined usually for preventive or political reasons, and imprisonment, which is being closely confined as a punishment for crime.

Cooperative movement

The history of the cooperative movement concerns the origins and history of cooperatives. Although cooperative arrangements, such as mutual insurance, and principles of cooperation existed long before, the cooperative movement began with the application of cooperative principles to business organization.

Coquille Indian Tribe

The Coquille Indian Tribe is the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs-recognized Native American tribal entity of the Coquille people, who have traditionally lived on the southern Oregon Coast.

Cornwerd

Cornwerd (West Frisian: Koarnwert) is a small village in Wûnseradiel in the province Friesland of the Netherlands and has around 100 citizens (2004). Cornwerd is the location of the most westerly windmill in Friesland, De Cornwerdermolen.

Cosmos (book)

Cosmos (1980) is a book by Carl Sagan based on his TV series Cosmos: A Personal Voyage. The book's 13 illustrated chapters, corresponding to the 13 episodes of the COSMOS TV series, explore the mutual development of science and civilization. Spurred in part by the popularity of the TV series, Cosmos spent 50 weeks on the Publisher's Weekly best-sellers list and 70 weeks on the New York Times Best Seller list, and remains the best-selling science book published in the English language. In 1981, it received the Hugo Award for Best Non-Fiction Book. The book's unprecedented success ushered in a dramatic increase in visibility for science-themed literature. The sequel to Cosmos is Pale Blue Dot: A Vision of the Human Future in Space (1994).^[1]

Cotton Bowl Classic

The Cotton Bowl Classic is a college football bowl game that was played annually since 1937 at its namesake stadium in Dallas, Texas. On February 27, 2007, it was announced that the game will move to Cowboys Stadium in nearby Arlington beginning on January 1, 2010.^[1] With the planned move, Cotton Bowl Classic officials also began a campaign to become part of the Bowl Championship Series when the current contract featuring the Rose, Sugar, Fiesta, and Orange bowls expires in 2010.^[2] However, plans to join the BCS were scrapped shortly after ESPN acquired the rights to the series.

Crusade

First – People's – 1101 – Norwegian – Balearic – Wendish – Second – Third – 1197 – Livonian – Fourth – Albigensian – Children's – Fifth – Sixth – Prussian – Swedish – Seventh – Eighth – Ninth – Aragonese – Alexandrian – Nicopolis – Varna

Cultural Properties of Japan

According to the definition given by the Japanese government's Agency for Cultural Affairs, the Cultural Properties of Japan (文化財, bunkazai^?) are tangible properties (shrines, temples, other structures, statues, paintings, craft items, examples of calligraphy) and intangible properties (performing arts and craft techniques) created or developed in Japan^{[note 1]} in the course of its history, plus natural landscapes in Japan unchanged by time.^[1]

Curtis Gatewood

James Curtis Gatewood (born May 18, 1985) is an American football linebacker for the Washington Redskins of the National Football League. He was signed by the Redskins as an undrafted free agent in 2008. He played college football at Vanderbilt.

Cycle Friendly Awards

The New Zealand Cycle Friendly Awards were devised by the Cycling Advocates' Network (CAN) in 2003. The purpose of the awards is to acknowledge and celebrate some of the most notable achievements in the country that are helping to promote cycling and to create a cycle-friendly environment.^[1]

Cyclone Gwenda

Severe Tropical Cyclone Gwenda was the most intense Australian tropical cyclone on record, attaining a barometric pressure of 900 hPa (mbar). Forming out of a tropical disturbance over the Arafura Sea on 2 April, the precursor to Gwenda tracked slowly westward, gradually becoming better organized. On 4 April, the system intensified into a Category 1 cyclone, at which time it was given the name Gwenda, and began to undergo explosive intensification the following day. In a 30 hour span, ending early on 7 April, the storm's maximum winds increased from 75 km/h (45 mph 10-minute sustained) to 225 km/h (140 mph 10-minute sustained) and the barometric pressure decreased by 90 hPa (mbar) to 900 hPa (mbar). At the same time, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center assessed the storm to have peaked as a high-end Category 4 equivalent on the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale.

Czech Republic

The Czech Republic /ˈtʃɛk rɨˈpʌblɪk/ (help·info)^[3] (Czech: Česká republika, pronounced [ˈtʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka]  ( listen), short form Česko [ˈtʃɛskɔ]) is a country in Central Europe^[4]. The country borders Poland to the northeast, Germany to the west and northwest, Austria to the south and Slovakia to the east. The capital and largest city is Prague (Czech: Praha). The country is composed of the historic regions of Bohemia and Moravia, as well as parts of Silesia. The Czech Republic has been a member of NATO since 1999 and of the European Union since 2004. From 1 January 2009 to 1 July 2009, the Czech Republic held the Presidency of the Council of the European Union.

Czechoslovakia

Czechoslovakia (Československo; from 1990 Slovak: Česko-Slovensko) was a sovereign state in Central Europe which existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until 1992. From 1939 to 1945 the state did not have de facto existence, due to its forced division and partial incorporation into Nazi Germany, but the Czechoslovak government-in-exile nevertheless continued to exist during this time period while Slovakia was independent from the Czech part. On 1 January 1993 Czechoslovakia peacefully split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

Dallas

Dallas (pronounced /ˈdæləs/), with a population of 1.2 million^[4] is the third-largest city in Texas and the eighth-largest in the United States. The city is the main economic center of the 12-county Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington metropolitan area that according to the March 2009 U.S. Census Bureau release, had a population of 6,300,006 as of July 2008.^[5] The metropolitan area is the fourth-largest and number one fastest-growing (by population) metropolitan area in the United States.^[6]

Dark Was the Night, Cold Was the Ground

"Dark Was the Night, Cold Was the Ground"^{[note 1]} is a gospel-blues song written and performed by Blind Willie Johnson and recorded probably in 1927. The song is primarily an instrumental featuring Johnson's self-taught bottleneck slide guitar and picking style accompanied by his vocalizations of humming and moaning. It has the distinction of being one of 27 samples of music included on the Voyager Golden Record, launched into space in 1977 to represent the diversity of life on Earth. "Dark Was the Night, Cold Was the Ground" was chosen as the human expression of loneliness.^[1]

De Cornwerdermolen, Cornwerd

De Cornwerdermolen is a smock mill in Cornwerd, Friesland, Netherlands which has been restored to working order. The mill is listed as a Rijksmonument, number 39329.^[1]

Defenceman (ice hockey)

Defence (defense in the U.S.) in ice hockey is a player position whose primary responsibility is to prevent the opposing team from scoring. They are often referred to as defencemen, defensemen, D, or "blueliners" (the latter a reference to the blue line in ice hockey which represents the boundary of the offensive zone; defencemen generally position themselves along the line to keep the puck in the zone).

Denis Shipwright

Denis Ewart Bernard Kingston Shipwright FRSA (20 May 1898 – 13 September 1984) was a British soldier and Royal Air Force officer who served throughout both world wars. In his youth he became a motor racing driver; after a brief political career, he found it difficult to find work but eventually went into the film industry. His later life was spent working as a civil servant but he kept up his hobbies and developed an interest in Unidentified Flying Objects.

Denmark

Denmark (pronounced /ˈdɛnmɑrk/ ( listen); Danish: Danmark, pronounced [ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊], archaic: [ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊]) is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe and the senior member of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. Denmark borders both the Baltic and the North Sea. The country consists of a large peninsula, Jutland (Jylland) and many islands, most notably Zealand (Sjælland), Funen (Fyn), Vendsyssel-Thy, Lolland, Falster and Bornholm, as well as hundreds of minor islands often referred to as the Danish Archipelago. Denmark has long controlled the approach to the Baltic Sea, as over water this can only take place via one of the three channels, that are also known as the "Danish straits".

Dewey-Stassen debate

The debate between New York Governor Thomas Dewey and former Minnesota Governor Harold E. Stassen, held the night before the 1948 Oregon Republican Presidential primary, was the first recorded modern presidential debate to ever take place in the United States. The debate, which concerned the criminalization of the Communist Party of the United States, was broadcast over the radio throughout the nation. It is credited with helping Dewey win the primary and the nomination of his party.

Diamond Heights, San Francisco, California

Diamond Heights is a neighborhood in San Francisco, California. It is located in the middle part of the city, roughly bordered by Diamond Heights Boulevard and Noe Valley on the east side and Glen Canyon Park on the west side. It was the first project of the San Francisco Planning and Urban Research Association, intended to use redevelopment powers to use land on the hills in the center of the city to be developed with, rather than against, the topography. Few existing residents needed to be relocated for the redevelopment program, which included housing for a range of incomes, churches, schools, parks, and a commercial center.

Direct-to-video

A film that is released direct-to-video (also known as direct-to-DVD, made-for-video, straight-to-video, straight-to-DVD, and more recently, straight-to-Blu-ray) is one which has been released to the public on home video formats (historically VHS) before or without being released in movie theaters or broadcast on television. The term is also at times used as a derogatory term for films or sequels of films that are of inferior quality, or are not expected to find financial success. Direct-to-video releases have become something of a lifeline for independent filmmakers and smaller companies.^[1]

Direction Nationale du Contrôle de Gestion

The Direction Nationale du Contrôle de Gestion (DNCG) (English: National Directorate of Management Control) is the organistaion responsible for monitoring the accounts of professional association football clubs in France.^[1] It was founded in 1984 and is an administrative directorate of the Ligue de Football Professionnel (LFP). The current president of the DNCG is Richard Olivier.^[2] In December 2007, French State Secretary for Sports, Bernard Laporte, claimed that the DNCG should be a Europe-wide body to create equality throughout the continent.^[3] However, the idea was later dismissed as being too complicated to implement.^[4]

Donald Bradman

Sir Donald George Bradman, AC (27 August 1908 – 25 February 2001), often referred to as The Don, was an Australian cricketer, widely acknowledged as the greatest batsman of all time.^[1] Bradman's career Test batting average of 99.94 has been claimed to be statistically the greatest achievement in any major sport.^[2]

Donald Trounson

Alfred Donald Trounson OAM (30 September 1905 – 29 January 2009) was a British diplomat and amateur photographer who settled in Australia in his retirement to become a bird photographer and the founder of the National Photographic Index of Australian Wildlife.

Dope Stars Inc

Dope Stars Inc. is an alternative and industrial rock band formed in Rome, Italy in late 2002, though the band was not officially formed until 2003. The band was founded by Victor Love, Darin Yevonde, Grace Khold and Brian Wolfram. They have three albums and three EPs released, with the latest being released in 2009.^[1][2]

Dos Cuadras Offshore Oil Field

The Dos Cuadras Offshore Oil Field is a large oil and gas field underneath the Santa Barbara Channel about eight miles southeast of Santa Barbara, California. Discovered in 1968, and with a cumulative production of over 260 million barrels of oil, it is the 24th-largest oil field within California and the adjacent waters.^[1] As it is in the Pacific Ocean outside of the 3-mile tidelands limit, it is a federally-leased field, regulated by the U.S. Department of the Interior rather than the California Department of Conservation. It is entirely produced from four drilling platforms in the channel, which as of 2009 were operated by Dos Cuadras Offshore Resources (DCOR), LLC, a private firm based in Ventura. A blowout near one of these platforms – Unocal's Platform A – was responsible for the 1969 Santa Barbara oil spill that was formative for the modern environmental movement, and spurred the passage of the National Environmental Policy Act.

Drew Doughty

Andrew "Drew" Doughty (born December 8, 1989) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman currently playing for the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected second overall by the Kings in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft, following a standout junior career with the Guelph Storm of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL), where he was twice voted the league's top offensive defenceman. He made his NHL debut in 2008 as an 18-year-old and was named to the All-Rookie Team. He has represented Canada four times internationally, winning a gold medal at the 2008 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships, where he was named the tournament's top defenceman, and a silver at the 2009 Men's World Ice Hockey Championships. He will compete for Canada at the 2010 Winter Olympics, the youngest player on the team.

Drought

A drought (also spelled drouth) is an extended period of months or years when a region notes a deficiency in its water supply. Generally, this occurs when a region receives consistently below average precipitation. It can have a substantial impact on the ecosystem and agriculture of the affected region. Although droughts can persist for several years, even a short, intense drought can cause significant damage^[1] and harm the local economy.^[2] This global phenomenon has a widespread impact on agriculture. The United Nations estimates that an area of fertile soil the size of Ukraine is lost every year because of drought, deforestation, and climate instability.^[3] Lengthy periods of drought have long been a key trigger for mass migration and played a key role in a number of ongoing migrations and other humanitarian crises in the Horn of Africa and the Sahel.

Drug cartel

Drug cartels are criminal organizations developed with the primary purpose of promoting and controlling drug trafficking operations. They range from loosely-managed agreements among various drug traffickers to formalized commercial enterprises. Drug cartels are not strictly cartels proper.

Dutch East India Company

The Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie or VOC in Dutch, literally "United East Indian Company") was a chartered company established in 1602, when the States-General of the Netherlands granted it a 21-year monopoly to carry out colonial activities in Asia. It was the first multinational corporation in the world and the first company to issue stock.^[1] It was also arguably the world's first megacorporation, possessing quasi-governmental powers, including the ability to wage war, negotiate treaties, coin money, and establish colonies.^[2]

Ecuador

Ecuador (pronounced /ˈɛkwədɔr/), officially the Republic of Ecuador (Spanish: República del Ecuador, pronounced [reˈpuβlika ðel ekwaˈðor]), literally, "Republic of the equator") is a representative democratic republic in South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west. It is one of only two countries in South America, along with Chile, that do not have a border with Brazil. The country also includes the Galápagos Islands in the Pacific, about 1,000 kilometers (620 mi) west of the mainland.

Ed Lewis (wrestler)

Robert Herman Julius Friedrich (June 30, 1891 - August 8, 1966), was a professional wrestler best known by his ring name Ed "Strangler" Lewis", whose career spanned four decades. He was a ten time World Heavyweight Champion, including six reigns under the original undisputed version of the belt, and wrestled in 6200 matches and was defeated only 33 times.^[1]

Edible mushroom

Edible mushrooms are the fleshy and edible fruiting bodies of several species of fungi. They belong to the macrofungi, because their fruiting structures are large enough to be seen with the naked eye. They can appear either above ground (epigous) or below ground (hypogeous) where they may be picked by hand.^[1] Edibility may be defined by criteria that include absence of poisonous effects on humans and desirable taste and aroma.^[2][3] By some accounts, less than 10% of all mushrooms may be edible.^[3]

Einar Bragi

Einar Bragi (or Einar Bragi Sigurðsson) (7 April 1921, Eskifjördur - 26 March 2005, Reykjavík) was an Icelandic poet and publisher. A modernist who published nine books of poetry between 1950 and 1980, he is known as one of the Atom Poets.^[1] Bragi also translated poetry into Icelandic. Besides writing poetry, Bragi was also the founder and editor of the journal Birtingur, which was the leading forum for modernism in Iceland.

Elias Bond

The Bond District is a collection of historic buildings located in the district of North Kohala on the island of Hawaii. The district has three sections: the homestead of missionaries Ellen and Reverend Elias Bond (1813–1896), Kalahikiola Church, and the Kohala Seminary.

Elvis Presley

Elvis Aaron (or Aron^a) Presley (January 8, 1935 – August 16, 1977) was an American musician and actor. A cultural icon, he is widely known by the single name Elvis. He is often referred to as the "King of Rock and Roll" or simply "the King".

Emanuel Chobot

Emanuel Chobot (1 January 1881 in Orlová - 7 June 1944 in Moravská Ostrava) was a Polish trade union activist and politician from the region of Zaolzie, Czechoslovakia. He was the chairman of the Polish Socialist Workers Party, the social democratic party active amongst the Polish minority in interbellum Czechoslovakia. He was also the Director-General of the Consumers Association 'Gec' in Moravská Ostrava.^[1][2]

Emmy Award

The Emmy Award, often referred to simply as the Emmy, is a television production award, similar in nature to the Peabody Awards but more focused on entertainment, and is considered the television equivalent to the Academy Awards (for film), Grammy Awards (for music) and Tony Awards (for stage).^[1][2]

Empire ship

The Empire ships were a series of ships in the service of the British Government. Their names were all prefixed with "Empire". Mostly they were used during World War II by the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT), who owned the ships but contracted out their management to various shipping lines. Some ships requisitioned during the Suez Crisis were also given the Empire prefix. They were acquired from a number of sources. Many were built for the MoWT, others obtained from the USA, still others were captured or seized from enemy powers.

Employers' organization

An employers' organization, employers' association or employers' federation is an association of employers. A trade union, which organizes employees is the opposite of an employers' organization. The role and position of an employers' organization differs from country to country, dependent on the economic system of a country.

Endangered species

An endangered species is a population of organisms which is at risk of becoming extinct because it is either few in numbers, or threatened by changing environmental or predation parameters. Also it could mean that due to deforestation there may be a lack of food and/or water. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has calculated the percentage of endangered species as 40 percent of all organisms based on the sample of species that have been evaluated through 2006.^[2] (Note: the IUCN groups all threatened species for their summary purposes.) Many nations have laws offering protection to conservation reliant species: for example, forbidding hunting, restricting land development or creating preserves. Only a few of the many species at risk of extinction actually make it to the lists and obtain legal protection. Many more species become extinct, or potentially will become extinct, without gaining public notice.

Endemism

Endemism is the ecological state of being unique to a particular geographic location, such as a specific island, habitat type, nation, or other defined zone. To be endemic to a place or area means that it is found only in that part of the world and nowhere else. For example, many species of lemur are endemic to the island of Madagascar. Physical, climatic and biological factors can contribute to endemism. For example, the Orange-breasted Sunbird is endemic to Fynbos, meaning it is exclusively found in the Fynbos vegetation type of southwestern South Africa.

England

England ( /ˈɪŋɡlənd/ (help·info)) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.^[5][6][7] It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the North Sea to the east, with the English Channel to the south separating it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.

Equator

The equator is the intersection of the Earth's surface with the plane perpendicular to the Earth's axis of rotation and containing the Earth's center of mass. In simpler language, it is an imaginary line on the Earth's surface equidistant from the North Pole and South Pole that divides the Earth into a Northern Hemisphere and a Southern Hemisphere. The equators of other planets and astronomical bodies are defined analogously.

Eric Lindros

Eric Bryan Lindros (born February 28, 1973) is a former Canadian professional ice hockey player. He was the first overall pick in the 1991 NHL Entry Draft. He retired in November 2007, after playing the 2006–07 season with the Dallas Stars.

Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

Ernest II Augustus Charles John Leopold Alexander Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (21 June 1818 – 22 August 1893) was the second Sovereign Duke of the German Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.

Ernest Trova

Ernest Tino Trova (February 19, 1927 – March 8, 2009) was a self-trained American surrealist and pop art painter and sculptor. Best known for his signature image and figure series, The Falling Man, Trova considered his entire output a single "work in progress." Trova used classic American comic character toys in some of his pieces because he admired their surrealism. Many of Trova's sculptures are cast in unusual white bronze. He began as a painter, progressing through three-dimensional constructions to his mature medium, sculpture. Trova's gift of forty of his works led to the opening of St. Louis County, Missouri's Laumeier Sculpture Park.^[1]

Ervand Abrahamian

Ervand Abrahamian is a historian of Middle Eastern and particularly Iranian history. An Armenian born in Iran and raised in England, he received his M.A. at Oxford University and his Ph.D. at Columbia University. He teaches at the City University of New York (CUNY) where he is Distinguished Professor of History at Baruch College and the CUNY Graduate Center. He has taught at Princeton University, New York University and Oxford University. He is currently working on a book about the 1953 Iranian coup d'état for Cambridge University Press.

Ettehadiyeh-ye Sendika-ye Kargaran-e Iran

Ettehadiyeh-ye Sendika-ye Kargaran-e Iran (Persian: اتحادیه سندیکای کارگران ایران, known by its acronym 'اسکی', ESKI) was a trade union centre in Iran. It was founded on the initiative of the Ministry of Labour and Propaganda in September 1946, with the explicit purpose of competing with the Tudeh-led Central United Council of the Trade Unions of Workers and Toilers of Iran (CUC).^[1] The task of setting up ESKI had been delegates to Mehdi Sharif-Emami, the director of the Dispute Settlement Department of the Ministry of Labour and Propaganda.^[2] ESKI published the newspaper Kargaran-e Iran.^[3] ESKI was a founding member of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions.^[4]

Etzioni Brigade

The Etzioni Brigade (Hebrew: חֲטִיבַת עֶצְיוֹנִי‎, Hativat Etzyoni), also 6th Brigade and Jerusalem Brigade, was an infantry brigade in the Haganah and Israel Defense Forces in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. It was founded in late 1947 as the Field Corps unit responsible for the defense of Jerusalem and its surroundings, where it operated during the war along with the Harel Brigade. Its first commander was Yisrael Amir, who was replaced by David Shaltiel.

European Court of Human Rights

The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) (French: Cour européenne des droits de l’homme) in Strasbourg is an international judicial body established under the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) of 1950 to monitor respect of human rights by states. The European Convention on Human Rights, or formally named Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, is a convention adopted by the Council of Europe. All 47 member states of the Council of Europe are parties to the Convention. Applications against Contracting Parties for human rights violations can be brought before the Court by other states, other parties or individuals.

European Theatre of World War II

Europe
Poland – Phoney War – Denmark & Norway
France & Benelux – Britain – Balkans – Yugoslav Front – Eastern Front – Western Front (1944–45) – Mediterranean, Middle East and Africa
Asia & The Pacific
China – Pacific Ocean – South-East Asia 
South West Pacific – Japan – Manchuria (1945)

Fablok

Fablok is a Polish manufacturer of steam (later diesel) locomotives, based in Chrzanów. Until 1947 the official name was The First Factory of Locomotives in Poland Ltd. (Polish: Pierwsza Fabryka Lokomotyw w Polsce Sp. Akc.), Fablok being a widely used syllabic abbreviation of Fabryka Lokomotyw. It is now named "BUMAR - FABLOK S.A. (corporation)". Fablok is located in the town of Chrzanów in Lesser Poland.

Felix Wurman

Felix Wurman (1958 - December 26, 2009) was an American cellist who founded and performed with the group Domus in the early 1980s and later founded the Church of Beethoven in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

Fersman Mineralogical Museum

Fersman Mineralogical Museum (Russian: Минералогический музей им. А. Е. Ферсмана) is one of the largest mineral museums of the world. Its collections include more than 135,000 items. Among them natural crystals, geodes, druzes and other kinds of mineral treasures. The museum was named after Alexander Fersman.

Fight the Tide

Fight the Tide is the second studio album from Christian rock band Sanctus Real, and was released in June 2004 under Sparrow Records.^[1] It won the GMA Dove Award for Modern Rock Album of the Year in 2005.^[2]

Fighter ace

A flying ace or fighter ace is a military aviator credited with shooting down several enemy aircraft during aerial combat. The actual number of air victories required to officially qualify as an "ace" has varied, but is usually considered to be five or more.

Film score

A film score is essentially the background music of a film (which is generally categorically separated from songs used within a film). The term soundtrack is often confused with film score, but a soundtrack also includes anything else audible in the film such as sound effects and dialogue. Soundtrack albums may also include songs featured in the film as well as previously released music by other artists. A score is written specifically to accompany a film, by the original film's composer(s).^[1]

First Bulgarian Empire

The First Bulgarian Empire (modern Bulgarian: Първo Българско царство, Parvo balgarsko tsarstvo) was a medieval state founded by the Bulgars in c. 680^[1][2] in the north-eastern Balkans^[3][4] and disintegrated in AD 1018 after its annexation to the Byzantine Empire. At the height of its power it spread between Budapest and the Black Sea and from the Dnieper river in modern Ukraine to the Adriatic. It was succeeded by the Second Bulgarian Empire, established in 1185. The official name of the country since its very foundation was Bulgaria.^[5]

Flight of the Red Tail

Flight of the Red Tail is a 2009 historical documentary film by Adam White about the Red Tail Project's successful return to flight of a World War II P-51 Mustang that had become inoperable during a 2004 crash after having been restored for exhibition flying once before in 2001. The plane had been originally flown by the United States Air Force 332d Fighter Group as a bomber escort for the Allied Forces in the European Theatre of World War II and serves as a traveling and flying tribute to the Tuskegee Airmen. The film is a sequel to Red Tail Reborn which brought attention to the attempt to relaunch of the plane after the 2004 crash.

Floral clock (Frankfort, Kentucky)

The floral clock in Frankfort, Kentucky is a landmark located behind the Kentucky State Capitol. Dedicated in May 1961 by Governor Bert T. Combs, the clock was constructed as a joint project between the state government and the Garden Club of Kentucky.^[1][2]

Flying ace

A flying ace or fighter ace is a military aviator credited with shooting down several enemy aircraft during aerial combat. The actual number of air victories required to officially qualify as an "ace" has varied, but is usually considered to be five or more.

Folk music

The term folk music originated in the 19th century as a term for musical folklore. It has been defined in several ways; as music transmitted by word of mouth, music of the lower classes, music with no known composer. It has been contrasted with commercial and classical styles.

Forest Falls, California

Forest Falls is an unincorporated community in San Bernardino County, California.^[4] Forest Falls' zip code is 92339, its population is 943, its land area is 22.44, its density is 42.02, its housing units is 712, its household size is 2.27, and its water area is 0.00.^[5] Forest Falls is best known for its falls near the city, the forest, and the mountains surrounding it. Forest Falls' closest city is Angelus Oaks, California.

Forward Operating Base Chapman attack

The Forward Operating Base Chapman attack was a suicide attack against a key base of the United States Central Intelligence Agency in Khost Province, Afghanistan, on December 30, 2009. Pakistani Taliban have claimed responsibility for the attack. The base is located near the eastern Afghan city of Khost, in a stronghold of the Taliban movement. Eight or nine people, among them six or seven CIA officers, including the chief of the base, were killed and six others seriously wounded in the attack. Western intelligence officials identified the attacker as Humam Khalil Abu-Mulal al-Balawi, 36, a Jordanian doctor and al-Qaeda double agent. The bombing was the most lethal attack against the CIA in more than 25 years, and a major setback for the agency's counterterrorism operations in the region.

FotoInsight

FotoInsight is a digital photo processing service for Windows, Mac OS and Linux users that was founded in 2003 in Cambridge, Great Britain and is Europe's largest independent photo printer ^[1]. PhotoInsight employ's over 4000 staff ^[1] across Europe with over 3 billion photo prints printed annually ^[1]. FotoInsight is currently owned by its Managing Director Klaas Brumann who owns the controlling interest in the company. ^[2]

Fox's Glacier Mints

Fox's Glacier Mints are the leading, branded boiled mint in the UK. They have been manufactured by Fox's Confectionery in Leicester since 1918. The mints were developed by Eric Fox, one of the original founders of Fox's Confectionery. Since 1922 the mints have been sold with the Peppy the polar bear icon. Peppy is typically depicted as though standing on one of the mints. Glacier Mints resemble miniature blocks of ice and are clear and translucent. A companion product is Fox's Glacier Fruits.

France

France (pronounced /ˈfræns/ ( listen) or /ˈfrɑːns/; French pronunciation (help·info): [fʁɑ̃s]), officially the French Republic (French: République française, pronounced: [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz]), is a member state of the European Union located in its western region, with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents.^[12] France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its main ideals expressed in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.

France-Americas relations

France-Americas relations started in the 16th century, soon after the discovery of the New World by Christopher Columbus, and have developed over a period of several centuries.

Francis John William Harvey

Major Francis John William Harvey, VC (29 April 1873 – 31 May 1916) was an officer of the British Royal Marine Light Infantry during the First World War. Harvey was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross, the highest military award for gallantry in the face of the enemy given to British and Commonwealth forces, for his actions at the height of the Battle of Jutland. A long serving Royal Marine officer descended of a military family, during his career Harvey became a specialist in naval artillery, serving on many large warships as gunnery training officer and gun commander. Specially requested for HMS Lion, the flagship of the British battlecruiser fleet, Harvey fought at the battles of Heligoland Bight, Dogger Bank and Jutland.

Franciscan

The term Franciscan is most commonly used to refer to members of Catholic religious orders, founded by Saint Francis of Assisi. As well as Catholic there are also small Old Catholic and Anglican Franciscan communities. It can also be applied to ideals he inspired in many movements in the modern age.

Frederick Brocklander

Frederick ("Fred") Brocklander (1940 - August 13, 2009) was a Major League Baseball umpire in the National League from 1979 to 1992. A native of Baltimore, Maryland, he umpired in the minor leagues for ten years until a strike by major league umpires occurred in 1979, when he became a National League umpire.^[1] He continued umpiring in the National League until retiring in 1992.

French Handball Federation

The French Handball Federation (French: Fédération française de handball) (FFHB) is the national handball association in France. FFHB organizes team handball within France and represents French handball internationally. It sorts under the French Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports. The federation is a member of the European Handball Federation (EHF) and the International Handball Federation (IHF). The president of FFHB is Joël Delplanque.^[1]

Fullback (American football)

In American football, a fullback (FB) is a position in the offensive backfield. Traditionally, the duties of a fullback are split between power running and blocking for the quarterback on passing plays, and the running back on running plays.

Fundraiser

A fundraiser is an event or campaign whose primary purpose is to raise money for a cause. See also: fundraising. A fundraiser can also be an individual or company whose primary job is to raise money for a specific charity or non-profit organization. Fundraisers often benefit charitable, non-profit, religious, or non-governmental organizations, though there are also fundraisers that benefit for-profit companies and individuals.

G. S. Carter

Major Gordon Senior 'Toby' Carter DSO (20 April 1910 - uncertain)^[2] was a New Zealand oilfield surveyor^[3][4] who worked in Sarawak, Borneo prior to World War II for Shell. He enlisted with the British Army during the war,^[5] and served in the Royal Australian Engineers and later in Z Special Unit in Borneo, where he was the Officer in Command of the Semut II operation in the Kelabit Highlands of Sarawak.^[6] In 1962 Carter had the initial idea for and was the driving force behind the establishment of both the Kinabalu National Park and the Kundasang War Memorial and Gardens near Mount Kinabalu in Sabah.^[7]

Galveston Bay

Galveston Bay is a large estuary located along the upper coast of Texas in the United States. It is connected to the Gulf of Mexico and is surrounded by sub-tropic marshes and prairies on the mainland.^[1] The water in the Bay is a complex mixture of sea water and fresh water which supports a wide variety of marine life.

Gameplay

Gameplay includes all player experiences during the interaction with game systems, especially formal games. Proper use is coupled with reference to "what the player does". Arising alongside game development in the 1980s, gameplay was used solely within the context of video or computer games, though now its popularity has begun to see use in the description of other, more traditional, game forms. Generally, the term gameplay in video game terminology is used to describe the overall experience of playing the game excluding factors like challenges and movement. The term game mechanics refers to sets of rules in a game that are intended to produce an enjoyable gaming experience. Current academic discussions tend to favor terms like game mechanics^{[citation needed]} specifically to avoid 'gameplay'.

Ganesh Jayanti

Ganesh Jayanti (literally "Ganesha's birthday"), also known as Magha shukla chaturthi, Tilkund chaturthi and Varad chaturthi, is a Hindu festival. This occasion celebrates the birth day of Ganesha, the lord of wisdom.^[2] It is a popular festival particularly in the Indian state of Maharashtra held during the shukla paksha chaturthi day (fourth day of the bright fortnight or the waxing moon) in the month of Maagha as per almanac, which corresponds to the Gregorian calendar month of January/February. The distinction between the Ganesh Jayanti and the more popular, almost pan-Indian Ganesh Chaturthi festival is that the latter festival is observed in the month of August/September (Bhadrapada Hindu month). According to one tradition, Ganesh Chaturthi is also considered as the birthday of Ganesha.^[3][4][5] This festival of Ganesha is also called as the Tilo Chauth or Sakat Chauthis in Uttar Pradesh, where Ganesha is invoked on behalf of the son of a family.^[4][5] It is also called as Tilkund chaturthi in Maharashtra.

Ganesha

Ganesha (Sanskrit: गणेश; IAST: Gaṇeśa; listen (help·info)), also spelled Ganesa or Ganesh and also known as Ganapati, Vinayaka, and Pillaiyar, is one of the best-known and most widely worshipped deities in the Hindu pantheon.^[5] His image is found throughout India and Nepal.^[6] Hindu sects worship him regardless of affiliations.^[7] Devotion to Ganesha is widely diffused and extends to Jains, Buddhists, and beyond India.^[8]

George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston

George Nathaniel Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston KG, GCSI, GCIE, PC (11 January 1859 – 20 March 1925), known as The Lord Curzon of Kedleston between 1898 and 1911 and as The Earl Curzon of Kedleston between 1911 and 1921, was a British Conservative statesman who was Viceroy of India and Foreign Secretary.

George Meade

George Gordon Meade (December 31, 1815 – November 6, 1872) was a career United States Army officer and civil engineer involved in coastal construction, including several lighthouses. He fought with distinction in the Seminole War and Mexican-American War. During the American Civil War he served as a Union general, rising from command of a brigade to the Army of the Potomac. He is best known for defeating Confederate General Robert E. Lee at the Battle of Gettysburg in 1863.

Gettysburg Battlefield

The Gettysburg Battlefield was the site of the Battle of Gettysburg, fought July 1–3, 1863, in and around the borough of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, the county seat of Adams County, which had approximately 2,400 residents at the time. It is now the site of two Federally owned and administered areas: Gettysburg National Military Park and the Gettysburg National Cemetery. The Gettysburg Battlefield Historic District partially overlaps and partially protects other privately held properties.

Geyser

A geyser is a spring characterized by intermittent discharge of water ejected turbulently and accompanied by a vapour phase (steam). The name geyser comes from Geysir, the name of an erupting spring at Haukadalur, Iceland; that name, in turn, comes from the Icelandic verb gjósa, "to gush".

Giovanni da Verrazzano

Giovanni da Verrazzano (often spelled Verrazano; 1485-1528) was an Italian explorer of North America, in the service of the French crown. He is renowned as the first European since the Norse colonization of the Americas around AD 1000 to explore the Atlantic coast of North America between South and North Carolina and Newfoundland, including New York Harbor and Narragansett Bay in 1524.

Glen Park, San Francisco, California

Glen Park is a small neighborhood in San Francisco, California. It is at the southern edge of the hills in the interior of the city, to the south of Diamond Heights and Noe Valley, west of Bernal Heights, and east of Glen Canyon Park. The intersection of Diamond Street and Bosworth Street is generally considered the center of the neighborhood. Because of Glen Park's small size and mom and pop stores, restaurants, and saloons, the neighborhood is often described as having a village atmosphere. The neighborhood is served by a small storefront branch of the San Francisco Public Library. A new library was completed in late 2007, complete with new condos and an upscale natural foods market. [1]

Gniezno Doors

The Gniezno Doors (Polish: Drzwi Gnieźnieńskie) are a pair of bronze doors at the entrance to Gniezno Cathedral in Gniezno, Poland, a Gothic building which the doors pre-date, having been carried over from an earlier building. They are decorated with eighteen scenes in bas-relief from the life of St. Adalbert, or Wojciech in Polish, whose remains had been bought for their weight in gold (shown in scene 16), and carried back to the cathedral and set up in a shrine there.^{[1] [2]} They were made in about 1175 during the reign of Mieszko III the Old and are one of the most significant works of Romanesque art in Poland.

God the Father in Western art

For about a thousand years, in obedience to interpretations of specific Bible passages, pictorial representations of God the Father in Western art had been avoided by Christian painters. Gradually, however, portrayals of the Father emerged in the tenth century. At first only the hand of God emerging from a cloud as a sign of power was portrayed. Later the head and the whole figure were depicted, and by the time of the Renaissance artistic representations of God the Father were freely used.^[1]