Related:
A priori (philosophy),
Action (philosophy),
Alva Noë,
Andy Clark,
Autopoesis,
Cartesian dualism,
Cognition,
Cognitive psychology,
Cognitive science,
Cognitivism (psychology),
Computationalism,
Connectivism,
Consciousness,
Distributed cognition,
Dualism (philosophy of mind),
Edwin Hutchins,
Eleanor Rosch,
Embodied cognition,
Embodiment,
Enactivism (psychology),
Evan Thompson,
Externalism,
Fernando Flores,
Francisco Varela,
George Lakoff,
Gregory Bateson,
Hubert Dreyfus,
Humberto Maturana,
J.J. Gibson,
Jean Piaget,
Jerome Bruner,
Joe L. Kincheloe,
Lev Vygotsky,
Ludwig Wittgenstein,
Mark Johnson (professor),
Marvin Minsky,
Maurice Merleau-Ponty,
Neurophenomenology,
Phenomenology (psychology),
Representationalism,
Richard Rorty,
Rodney Brooks,
Ron Sun,
Situated cognition,
Social cognition,
Stuart Kauffman,
Terry Winograd,
Walter J. Freeman (neuroscientist),
Enactivism is a theoretical approach to understanding the mind proposed by Gregory Bateson, Humberto Maturana, Francisco Varela and Eleanor Rosch.[1] It emphasizes the way that organisms and the human mind organize themselves by interacting with their environment. It is closely related to situated cognition and embodied cognition, and is presented as an alternative to cognitivism, computationalism and Cartesian dualism.
The terms a priori ("from the former") and a posteriori ("from the latter") are used in philosophy (epistemology) to distinguish two types of knowledge, justifications or arguments. A priori knowledge or justification is independent of experience (for example 'All bachelors are unmarried'); a posteriori knowledge or justification is dependent on experience or empirical evidence (for example 'Some bachelors are very happy'). A priori justification makes reference to experience; but the issue concerns how one knows the proposition or claim in question—what justifies or grounds one's belief in it. Galen Strawson wrote that an a priori argument is one of which "you can see that it is true just lying on your couch. You don't have to get up off your couch and go outside and examine the way things are in the physical world. You don't have to do any science."[1] There are many points of view on these two types of assertion, and their relationship is one of the oldest problems in modern philosophy.
Action theory is an area in philosophy concerned with theories about the processes causing intentional (willful) human bodily movements of more or less complex kind. This area of thought has attracted the strong interest of philosophers ever since Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics (Third Book). With the advent of psychology and later neuroscience, many theories of action are now subject to empirical testing.
Alva Noë (B.Phil, University of Oxford, Ph.D., Harvard University) is an externalist philosopher and university professor. The main focus of his work is the theory of perception and consciousness. In addition to these problems in cognitive science and the philosophy of mind, he interested in phenomenology, the theory of art, Wittgenstein, and the origins of analytic philosophy.[1]Andy Clark is a Professor of Philosophy and Chair in Logic and Metaphysics at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland. Before this he was director of the Cognitive Science Program at Indiana University in Bloomington. Previously, he taught at Washington University at St. Louis and the University of Sussex in England. Clark is one of the founding members of the Contact collaborative research project whose aim is to investigate the role environment plays in shaping the nature of conscious experience. Professor Clark’s papers and books deal with the philosophy of mind and he is considered a leading scientist in mind extension. He has also written extensively on connectionism, robotics, and the role and nature of mental representation.
Autopoiesis literally means "auto (self)-creation" (from the Greek: auto – αυτό for self- and poiesis – ποίησις for creation or production), and expresses a fundamental dialectic between structure and function.In philosophy of mind, dualism is a set of views about the relationship between mind and matter, which begins with the claim that mental phenomena are, in some respects, non-physical.[1]Cognition is the scientific term for "the process of thought" to knowing. Usage of the term varies in different disciplines; for example in psychology and cognitive science, it usually refers to an information processing view of an individual's psychological functions. Other interpretations of the meaning of cognition link it to the development of concepts; individual minds, groups, and organizations.