Related:
Bibcode,
Corporation for National Research Initiatives,
European Union,
GS1,
Globally Unique Identifier,
Granularity,
Handle System,
ISBN,
ISO,
Indecs Content Model,
Intellectual property,
International Standard Book Number,
International Standard Recording Code,
International Standard Serial Number,
Magic cookie,
Metadata,
OAI,
Object identifier,
OpenURL,
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development,
PURL,
Performance,
Persistent Uniform Resource Locator,
PubMed,
Publications Office (European Union),
Serial Item and Contribution Identifier,
SourceOECD,
Uniform Resource Identifier,
Uniform Resource Locator,
Uniform Resource Name,
Universally Unique Identifier,
The Digital Object Identifier (DOI) System is a managed system for persistent identification of content-related entities on digital networks.[1] These entities may be content items (digital files, physical objects, abstract works), or any related entities in a content transaction (e.g. licenses, parties, etc.). "DOI" is sometimes used to mean the identifiers within this system; hence the use of the term alone is deprecated unless the meaning is sufficiently clear from an earlier mention or the specific context: instead it should always be used in conjunction with a specific noun. The DOI name is the identifier string that specifies a unique object (the referent) within the DOI System; the DOI syntax is the form and sequence of characters comprising any DOI name, specifically the prefix element, separator, and suffix element; and the DOI System is the functional deployment of DOI names as identifiers in computer sensible form through assignment, resolution, referent description, administration, etc. Hence DOI is not primarily a numbering system - it is primarily a globally consistent persistent identifier resolution system combined with a coherent approach to creating the identifiers, plus metadata, and a social structure to back up the persistence which is enabled by the technology.
Additional info
Bibcode
The bibcode is an identifier used by a number of astronomical data systems to specify literature references. The bibcode was developed to be used in SIMBAD and the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), but is now used more widely, for example, in the NASA Astrophysics Data System.[1][2] The code has a fixed length of 19 characters and has the formCorporation for National Research Initiatives
The Corporation for National Research Initiatives (CNRI), based in Reston, Virginia, is a non-profit organization founded in 1986 by Robert E. Kahn as an "activities center around strategic development of network-based information technologies",[1] including the National Information Infrastructure in the United States. CNRI publishes D-Lib Magazine, a journal of digital library research and development. It also develops the Handle System for managing and locating digital information. CNRI formerly operated the Secretariat of the Internet Engineering Task Force.European Union
The European Union (EU) is an economic and political union of 27 member states,[6] located primarily in Europe. Committed to regional integration, the EU was established by the Treaty of Maastricht on 1 November 1993 upon the foundations of the European Economic Community.[7] With over 500 million citizens[8], the EU generates an estimated 30% share (US$18.4 trillion in 2008) of the nominal gross world product and about 22% (US$15.2 trillion in 2008) of the PPP gross world product.[9]GS1
GS1 is an international not-for-profit association dedicated to the development and implementation of global standards and solutions to improve the efficiency and visibility of supply and demand chains globally and across multiple sectors. The GS1 System of standards is the most widely-used supply-chain standards system in the world.Globally Unique Identifier
A globally unique identifier or GUID (pronounced /ˈɡuːɪd/ or /ˈɡwɪd/) is a special type of identifier used in software applications to provide a reference number which is unique in any context (hence, "globally"), for example, in defining the internal reference for a type of access point in a software application, or for creating unique keys in a database. While each generated GUID is not guaranteed to be unique, the total number of unique keys (2128 or 3.4×1038) is so large that the probability of the same number being generated twice is extremely small.Granularity
Granularity is the extent to which a system is broken down into small parts, either the system itself or its description or observation. It is the "extent to which a larger entity is subdivided. For example, a yard broken into inches has finer granularity than a yard broken into feet."[1]Handle System
The Handle System is a technology specification for assigning, managing, and resolving persistent identifiers for digital objects and other resources on the Internet. The protocols specified enable a distributed computer system to store identifiers (names, or handles), of digital resources and resolve those handles into the information necessary to locate, access, and otherwise make use of the resources. That information can be changed as needed to reflect the current state and/or location of the identified resource without changing the handle.ISBN
The International Standard Book Number (ISBN) is a unique[1] numeric commercial book identifier based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering (SBN) code created by Gordon Foster, now Emeritus Professor of Statistics at Trinity College, Dublin,[2] for the booksellers and stationers W.H. Smith and others in 1966.[3]ISO
The International Organization for Standardization (Organisation internationale de normalisation), widely known as ISO (pronounced /ˈaɪsoʊ/), is an international-standard-setting body composed of representatives from various national standards organizations. Founded on 23 February 1947, the organization promulgates worldwide proprietary industrial and commercial standards. It has its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland.[1] While ISO defines itself as a non-governmental organization, its ability to set standards that often become law, either through treaties or national standards, makes it more powerful than most non-governmental organizations.[citation needed] In practice, ISO acts as a consortium with strong links to governments.[citation needed]Indecs Content Model
indecs (an acronym of "interoperability of data in e-commerce systems"; written in lower case) was a project part funded by the European Community Info 2000 initiative and by several organisations representing the music, rights, text publishing, authors, library and other sectors in 1998-2000, which has since been used in a number of metadata activities. A final report and related documents were published; the indecs Metadata Framework document "Principles, model and data dictionary" is a concise summary.Intellectual property
Intellectual property (IP) is a term referring to a number of distinct types of legal monopolies over creations of the mind, both artistic and commercial, and the corresponding fields of law.[1] Under intellectual property law, owners are granted certain exclusive rights to a variety of intangible assets, such as musical, literary, and artistic works; discoveries and inventions; and words, phrases, symbols, and designs. Common types of intellectual property include copyrights, trademarks, patents, industrial design rights and trade secrets in some jurisdictions.International Standard Book Number
The International Standard Book Number (ISBN) is a unique[1] numeric commercial book identifier based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering (SBN) code created by Gordon Foster, now Emeritus Professor of Statistics at Trinity College, Dublin,[2] for the booksellers and stationers W.H. Smith and others in 1966.[3]International Standard Recording Code
The International Standard Recording Code (ISRC), defined by ISO 3901, is an international standard code for uniquely identifying sound recordings and music video recordings. IFPI has been appointed by ISO as registration authority for this standard. The ISO technical committee 46, subcommittee 9 (TC 46/SC 9) is responsible for the standard. Note that an ISRC code identifies a particular recording, not the song itself. Therefore, different recordings, edits, and remixes of the same song will each have their own ISRC code. Songs are identified by analogous ISWC codes.