Developmental biology

Adolescence, Adult, Age of majority, Ageing, Allantois, Alpha taxonomy, Altricial, Amnion, Amniotic cavity, Amniotic sac, Anatomy, Antirrhinum majus, Apical ectodermal ridge, Apoptosis, Arabidopsis thaliana, Archenteron, Astrobiology, Attachment theory, Auxology, Bilaminar disc, Biochemistry, Bioinformatics, Biological life cycle, Biological tissue, Biology, Biomechanics, Biophysics, Biostatistics, Birth defect, Blastocoele, Blastocyst, Blastomere, Blastopore, Blastula, Body, Body plan, Bone, Bone marrow, Botany, Caenorhabditis elegans, Carnegie stages, Caterpillar, Cell (biology), Cell biology, Cell growth, Cell migration, Cell nucleus, Cell signaling, Cell signaling networks, Cell type, Cellular differentiation, Child, Child development, Child development stages, Childhood, Chordamesoderm, Chorion, Chorionic villi, Chromosomal aberration, Chromosome abnormality, Chronobiology, Ciona intestinalis, Cleavage (embryo), Cloning, Compartment (development), Congenital, Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, Conservation biology, Cultural-historical psychology, Cutaneous structure development, Cutis plate, Cytotrophoblast, Danio rerio, Decidua, Decidual cells, Dedifferentiation, Development of the urinary and reproductive organs, Developmental Biology, Developmental biology, Developmental noise, Developmental psychology, Developmental stage theories, Dictyostelium discoideum, Digital object identifier, Down syndrome, Drosophila embryogenesis, Drosophila melanogaster, Ecological Systems Theory, Ecology, Ectoderm, Egg activation, Embryo, Embryogenesis, Embryology, Endoderm, Enhanceosome, Enhancer, Epiblast, Epidemiology, Erik Erikson, Evolutionary biology, Evolutionary developmental biology, Extraembryonic coelom, Eye development, Fertilisation, Fertilization, Fetus, Fibroblast growth factor, Fish development, French flag model, Gallus gallus, Gastrula, Gastrulation, Gene expression, Gene regulatory network, Genetics, Genomics, Germ layer, Germ line development, Gestational sac, Growth factor, Growth hormone, Growth plate, Heart development, Heuser's membrane, Histogenesis, Histology, Hox gene, Human biology, Human development (biology), Human embryogenesis, Human sex determination, Hypoblast, Imaginal disc, Imago, Immunology, Infancy, Infant, Infant and child psychology, Inner cell mass, Intermediate mesoderm, International Standard Book Number, Intervillous space, Intraembryonic coelom, Jean Piaget, John Bowlby, Kohlberg's stages of moral development, Lancelet, Larva, Lateral plate mesoderm, Lawrence Kohlberg, Leonardo da Vinci, Lev Vygotsky, Limb bud, Limb development, Liver, Maize, Mammalian embryogenesis, Marine biology, Mathematical biology, Mesenchymal stem cell, Mesoderm, Metamerism (biology), Metamorphosis, Microbiology, Middle age, Minor (law), Miscarriage, Model organism, Model organisms, Molecular biology, Morphogenesis, Morula, Mus musculus, Muscle cell, Mutation, Myoblast, Myotome, Nerve cell, Neural crest, Neuroectoderm, Neuromeres, Neuroscience, Neurulation, Nutrition, Old age, Organ (anatomy), Organogenesis, Origin of life, Oryzias latipes, Paleontology, Parasitology, Paraxial mesoderm, Pathology, Pattern formation, Pharmacology, Phylum, Physcomitrella patens, Physiology, Placenta, Placental mammal, Plant embryogenesis, Plant evolutionary developmental biology, Pre- and perinatal psychology, Preadolescence, Precocial, Prenatal development, Primitive groove, Primitive knot, Primitive pit, Primitive streak, Progenitor cell, Programmed cell death, Promoter, Psychosexual development, Psychosocial development, PubMed Identifier, Puberty, Pufferfish, Pupa, Ralf Reski, Receptor (biochemistry), Regeneration (biology), Regenerative medicine, Regional specification, Retinoic acid, Salamander, Sclerotome, Segmentation (biology), Senescence, Sigmund Freud, Signal transduction, Signaling cascade, Somatopleure, Somite, Somitomere, Splanchnopleure, Spore, Stem cell, Stem cells, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, Surface ectoderm, Syncytiotrophoblast, Syncytium, Systems biology, Takifugu rubripes, Teratogen, Theory of cognitive development, Timeline of prenatal development, Toddler, Toxicology, Transcription factor, Trilaminar embryo, Trophectoderm, Trophoblast, Umbilical artery, Umbilical cord, Umbilical vein, Urie Bronfenbrenner, Uterus, Vertebral column, Vitelline duct, Wharton's jelly, Xenopus laevis, Xenopus tropicalis, Yolk sac, Young adult (psychology), Youth development, Zoology, Zygote,

Adolescence (Latin adolescere, to grow) is a transitional stage of physical and mental human development that occurs between childhood and adulthood. This transition involves biological (i.e. pubertal), social, and psychological changes, though the biological or physiological ones are the easiest to measure objectively. Historically, puberty has been heavily associated with teenagers and the onset of adolescent development.^[1][2] In recent years, however, the start of puberty has had somewhat of an increase in preadolescence (particularly females), and adolescence has had an occasional extension beyond the teenage years (typically males). This has made adolescence less simple to discern.^[3][4][5]

Adult

The term adult has at least three distinct meanings. It can indicate a biologically grown or mature person. It may also mean a plant, animal, or person who has reached full growth or alternatively is capable of reproduction, or the classification legal adult, generally determined as a person who has attained the legally fixed age of majority; as opposed to a minor.

Age of majority

The age of majority is the threshold of adulthood as it is conceptualized (and recognized or declared) in law. It is the chronological moment when a child legally ceases to be considered a minor and assumes control over their persons, actions and decisions, thereby terminating the legal control and legal responsibilities of their parents or guardian over and for them. The word majority here refers to having greater years and being of full age; it is opposed to minority, the state of being a minor. The law in a given jurisdiction may never actually use the term "age of majority" and the term thereby refers to a collection of laws bestowing the status of adulthood. The age of majority is a legally fixed age, concept or statutory principle, which may differ depending on the jurisdiction, and may not necessarily correspond to actual mental or physical maturity of an individual.

Ageing

Ageing (British English) or aging (American and Canadian English) is the accumulation of changes in an organism or object over time.^[1] Ageing in humans refers to a multidimensional process of physical, psychological, and social change. Some dimensions of ageing grow and expand over time, while others decline. Reaction time, for example, may slow with age, while knowledge of world events and wisdom may expand. Research shows that even late in life potential exists for physical, mental, and social growth and development. Ageing is an important part of all human societies reflecting the biological changes that occur, but also reflecting cultural and societal conventions. Age is usually measured in full years — and months for young children. A person's birthday is often an important event. Roughly 100,000 people worldwide die each day of age-related causes.^[2]

Allantois

Allantois (plural allantoides or allantoises) is a part of a developing animal conceptus (which consists of all embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues). It helps the embryo exchange gases and handle liquid waste.

Alpha taxonomy

Alpha taxonomy (or sometimes simply taxonomy) is the science of finding, describing and categorising organisms, thus leading to the recognition of proposed taxonomic groups, or taxa (singular: taxon), which may then be named.

Altricial

Altricial, meaning "requiring nourishment", refers to a pattern of growth and development in organisms which are incapable of moving around on their own soon after hatching or being born. The word is derived from the Latin root alere meaning "to nurse, to rear, or to nourish", and refers to the need for young to be fed and taken care of for a long duration.^[1]

Amnion

The amnion is a membrane building the amniotic sac that surrounds and protects an embryo. It is developed in reptiles, birds, and mammals, which are hence called “Amniota”; but not in amphibians and fish (Ichthyopsida), which are consequently termed “Anamniota”. The primary function of this is the protection of the embryo for its development. It stems from parts of the mesoderm on the outer side and the ectoderm on the inner side.

Amniotic cavity

The amniotic cavity is formed by the fusion of the parts of the amniotic fold, which first makes its appearance at the cephalic extremity, and subsequently at the caudal end and sides of the embryo. As the amniotic fold rises and fuses over the dorsal aspect of the embryo, the amniotic cavity is formed.

Amniotic sac

The amniotic sac is the sac in which the fetus develops in amniotes. Its wall is the amnion, the inner of the two fetal membranes. It encloses the amniotic cavity and the embryo. The amniotic cavity contains the amniotic fluid. On the outer side, the amniotic sac is connected to the yolk sac, to the allantois and, through the umbilical cord, to the placenta. ^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]}

Anatomy

Anatomy (from the Greek ἀνατομία anatomia, from ἀνατέμνειν ana: separate, apart from, and temnein, to cut up, cut open. Also from the Greek word "anatome"--ana: apart, tome: to cut-->To cut apart.) is a branch of biology and medicine that is the consideration of the structure of living things. It is a general term that includes human anatomy, animal anatomy (zootomy) and plant anatomy (phytotomy). In some of its facets anatomy is closely related to embryology, comparative anatomy and comparative embryology,^[1] through common roots in evolution.

Antirrhinum majus

Antirrhinum majus (Common Snapdragon; often – especially in horticulture – simply "snapdragon") is a species of plants belonging to the genus Antirrhinum. It is native to the Mediterranean region, from Morocco and Portugal north to southern France, and east to Turkey and Syria.^[2][3] The common name "snapdragon", originates from the flowers reaction to having their throats squeezed, which causes the "mouth" of the flower to snap open.

Apical ectodermal ridge

The apical ectodermal ridge (AER) is a critical component in vertebrate limb development.^[1] The AER is an ectodermal structure overlying and inducing the developing limb bud of the vertebrate embryo,^[2] and will eventually give rise to the skin covering the limb. Initial formation of the AER is induced by secretion of the fibroblast growth factor FGF-10 from the somatic layer of the lateral plate mesoderm. This initial induction is believed to result from the activity of Hox genes. The AER then secretes FGF-8 back into the mesoderm, stimulating its proliferation and the formation of the progress zone. Continued secretion of FGF-8 by the AER sustains limb formation throughout the process of development.