Black Sea

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Zonguldak,

Özhan Öztürk (born 1968) is a Turkish writer and researcher. He was a writer for the first Turkish Folklore Encyclopaedia and first encyclopaedic dictionary of the culture, folklore of the peoples Black Sea region of Turkey.

Şile

Şile (Greek: Χηλή) is a small holiday town on the Black Sea, 70 km from the city of Istanbul, Turkey. In 2000 the population was 32,923, of which 10,571 lived in the town of Şile, and the remainder lived in surrounding villages, including Ağva (Yeşilçay). However, between June and September, the population rapidly increases because of the many residents of Istanbul who have summer houses in Şile.

1927 Crimean earthquakes

The 1927 Crimean earthquakes occurred on June 26 and September 11-12 1927 in the waters of the Black Sea, hitting the Crimean peninsula. The June earthquake hit with a force of 6-7 on the Richter scale,^[1] while the one in mid-September was reported to have been up to 9 on the Richter scale near the city of Yalta.^[2]

2 Mai

2 Mai (Romanian pronunciation: [doj maj], "May 2") is a village in the Limanu commune, Constanţa County, Romania, and a small resort on the shore of the Black Sea, between Mangalia and Vama Veche.

Abkhazia

Abkhazia (Abkhaz: Аҧсны Apsny, Georgian: აფხაზეთი Apkhazeti, Russian: Абха́зия Abkhazia) is a political entity on the eastern coast of the Black Sea and the south-western flank of the Caucasus whose status is disputed. It considers itself an independent state (the Republic of Abkhazia)^[5][6][7][8], but this is recognised only by Russia, Nicaragua, Venezuela and Nauru,^[9] and by South Ossetia and Transnistria, which are themselves in a situation similar to Abkhazia.^[10].

Adriatic Sea

The Adriatic Sea (ā-drē-ˈa-tik) is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan peninsula, and the system of the Apennine Mountains from that of the Dinaric Alps and adjacent ranges. The Adriatic Sea is a part of the Mediterranean Sea. ^[1]

Advection

Advection, in chemistry and engineering, is a transport mechanism of a substance or a conserved property with a fluid in motion. The fluid motion in advection is described mathematically as a vector field, and the material transported is typically described as a scalar concentration of substance, which is contained in the fluid.

Adyghe language

Adyghe language (адыгaбзэ, adygabze, adəgăbză) is one of the two official languages of the Republic of Adygea in the Russian Federation, the other being Russian. It is spoken by various tribes of the Adyghe people: Abzekh, Adamey, Bzhedugh; Hatukuay, Kemirgoy, Makhosh; Natekuay, Shapsigh; Zhane, Yegerikuay, each with its own dialect. The language referred to by its speakers as Adygebze or Adəgăbză, and alternatively spelled in English as Adygean, Adygeyan or Adygei. It is also known as Circassian.

Aegean Sea

The Aegean Sea (Greek: Αιγαίο Πέλαγος, Egeo Pelagos [eˈʝeo ˈpelaɣos]( listen); Turkish: Ege Denizi) is an elongated embayment of the Mediterranean Sea located between the southern Balkan and Anatolian peninsulas, i.e., between the mainlands of Greece and Turkey respectively. In the north, it is connected to the Marmara Sea and Black Sea by the Dardanelles and Bosporus. The Aegean Islands are within the sea and some bound it on its southern periphery, including Crete and Rhodes. The Aegean Region consists of nine provinces in southwestern Turkey, in part bordering on the Aegean sea.

African Plate

The African Plate is a tectonic plate which includes the continent of Africa, as well as oceanic crust which lies between the continent and various surrounding ocean ridges.

Agigea

Agigea (Romanian pronunciation: [aˈd͡ʒid͡ʒe̯a]; Turkish: Acica, Greek: Aghikos) is a commune in Constanţa County, Romania. The commune includes two villages: Agigea and Lazu (Turkish: Laz-Mahale).

Ahtopol

Ahtopol (Bulgarian: Ахтопол) is a town and seaside resort on the southern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. It is located on a headland in the southeastern part of Burgas Province and is close to the border with European Turkey. It is the southernmost town on the Bulgarian coast.

Albena

Albena (Албена) is a major Black Sea resort in northeastern Bulgaria, situated 12 km from Balchik and 30 km from Varna. Albena is served by the international airport of Varna.

Albian

The Albian is both an age of the geologic timescale and a stage in the stratigraphic column. It is the youngest or uppermost subdivision of the Early/Lower Cretaceous epoch/series. Its approximate time range is 112.0 ± 1.0 Ma to 99.6 ± 0.9 Ma (million years ago). The Albian is preceded by the Aptian and followed by the Cenomanian.^[1]

Algae

Algae (pronounced /ˈældʒiː,ˈælgiː/; singular alga /ˈælɡə/, Latin for "seaweed") are a large and diverse group of simple, typically autotrophic organisms, ranging from unicellular to multicellular forms. The largest and most complex marine forms are called seaweeds. They are photosynthetic, like plants, and "simple" because they lack the many distinct organs found in land plants. For that reason they are currently excluded from being considered plants.^[3]

Alupka

Alupka (Ukrainian: Алупка, Russian: Алупка, Crimean Tatar: Alupka) is a resort city located in Crimea, Ukraine, situated 17 km (11 mi) to the west of Yalta. It is famous for the Vorontsov's Palace, designed by English architect Edward Blore in an extravagant mixture of Scottish baronial and Neo-Moorish styles and built in 1828–1846 for prince Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov.

Alushta

Alushta (Ukrainian and Russian: Алушта, Crimean Tatar: Aluşta, Greek: Alouston) is a resort town in Crimea, Ukraine, founded in the 6th century CE by Emperor Justinian. It is situated on the Black Sea on the road from Gurzuf to Sudak, as well as on the Crimean Trolleybus line.

Ammonium

The ammonium cation (also known as ionized ammonia due to its electrical charge) is a positively charged polyatomic cation of the chemical formula NH+4. It has a formula weight of 18.05 and is formed by the protonation of ammonia (NH₃). The resulting ion has a pK_a of 9.25.

Amundsen Gulf

Amundsen Gulf (70°0′N 120°0′W / 70°N 120°W / 70; -120 ) is a gulf located in Canadian Northwest Territories, between Banks Island and Victoria Island and the mainland . It is approximately 250 miles (402 km) in length and about 93 miles (150 km) across where it meets the Beaufort Sea.

Amundsen Sea

The Amundsen Sea is an arm of the Southern Ocean off Marie Byrd Land in western Antarctica. It is bounded by Thurston Island to the east and Cape Dart to the west. Named for the Norwegian polar explorer Roald Amundsen by the Norwegian expedition of 1928-29, under Captain Nils Larsen, while exploring this area in February, 1929.^[1]

Anapa

Anapa (Russian: Ана́па) originally is a seaport for the Natkhuay tribe Adyghe people , and now a town in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the northern coast of the Black Sea near the Sea of Azov. Population: 53,493 (2002 Census);^[2] 54,796 (1989 Census).^[3] It boasts a number of sanatoria and hotels; along with Sochi and several other cities along the Russian coast of the Black Sea, it has enjoyed a substantial increase in popularity since the fall of the Soviet Union, which left traditional Soviet resort cities in Crimea and the breakaway republic of Abkhazia in Georgia on the other side of a national border. Anapa is served by Anapa Airport (AAQ).

Ancomah

Ancomah (Antzomakh, Antzimah) is a mythological place which was first mentioned by Hasan Umur in the 1940s. It is approximately fifty meters inland near Trabzon, Turkey. It is a place on the lower slopes of a mountain.

Andaman Sea

The Andaman Sea (Burmese: မုတ္တမ; IPA: [moʊʔtəma̰]) or Burma Sea is a body of water to the southeast of the Bay of Bengal, south of Myanmar, west of Thailand and east of the Andaman Islands; it is part of the Indian Ocean. It is roughly 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) (north-south) and 650 kilometres (400 mi) wide (east-west), with an area of 797,700 square kilometres (308,000 sq mi). Its average depth is 870 metres (2,854 ft), and the maximum depth is 3,777 metres (12,392 ft).

Anoxic

The term anoxia means a total decrease in the level of oxygen, an extreme form of hypoxia or "low oxygen". The terms anoxia and hypoxia are used in various contexts:

Anoxic event

Oceanic anoxic events or anoxic events occur when the Earth's oceans become completely depleted of oxygen (O₂) below the surface levels. Although anoxic events have not happened for millions of years, the geological record shows that they happened many times in the past. Anoxic events may have caused mass extinctions. These mass extinctions were so characteristic they include some of those which geobiologists employ to serve as a time marker in biostratigraphic dating. It is believed oceanic anoxic events are strongly linked to lapses in key oceanic current circulations, to climate warming and greenhouse gases.

Anoxic sea water

Anoxic waters are areas of sea water or fresh water that are depleted of dissolved oxygen. This condition is generally found in areas that have restricted water exchange.

Anthropogenic

Anthropogenic (from the Greek meaning manmade) effects, processes or materials are those that are derived from human activities, as opposed to those occurring in biophysical environments without human influence.