Bioethics

Abortion, Alasdair MacIntyre, Albert R. Jonsen, Andrew Bedner, Animal rights, Aristotle, Arthur Caplan, Arthur Schopenhauer, Artificial insemination, Artificial life, Artificial womb, Assisted suicide, Augustine of Hippo, Autonomy, Axiology, Baby K, Baruch Spinoza, Belmont Report, Bernard Williams, Betty and George Coumbias, Bill Clinton, Bioethics (journal), Biology, Biopiracy, Biotechnology, Birth control, Blood, Blood plasma, Body modification, Brain-computer interface, Buddhist, Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, Carol Carr, Charles Colson, Chimera (genetics), Circumcision, Cloning, Confidentiality, Confucius, Conscience, Consent, Consequentialism, Cryonics, Damien Keown, Daniel Brock, Daniel Callahan, David Hume, Dax Cowart, Deontological ethics, Derek Parfit, Descriptive ethics, Disability, Edmund D. Pellegrino, Egalitarianism, Eluana Englaro, Ethics, Ethics of care, Eugenics, Euler Renato Westphal, Euthanasia, Evangelium Vitae, Faith, Feeding tube, Final Exit Network, Francis Fukuyama, Free will, Freedom (philosophy), Friedrich Nietzsche, GEM Anscombe, Gene theft, Gene therapy, Genetically modified food, Genetically modified organism, Genomics, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, George W. Bush, Georgetown University, Giovanni Nuvoli, Glenn McGee, Great Ape Project, Guideline (medical), Happiness, Hastings Center, Hastings Center Report, Henry Sidgwick, Hindu, Human cloning, Human dignity, Human enhancement, Human genetic engineering, Human rights, Humanae Vitae, Humane, Iatrogenesis, Immanuel Jakobovits, Immanuel Kant, Infertility, InterVarsity Christian Fellowship, Interdisciplinary, International Standard Book Number, Islamica Magazine, J. David Bleich, Jacob M. Appel, James Childress, James F. Childress, Jeremy Bentham, Jesse Koochin, Jewish medical ethics, John Fletcher, John Rawls, John Stuart Mill, Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics, Jonathan Baron, Joseph Fins, Journal of Medical Ethics, June Hartley, Just War, Justice, Karen Ann Quinlan, Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Kidney dialysis, Law, Life extension, Life sciences, Life support, Linacre Quarterly, List of ethicists, List of ethics articles, Lobotomy, Medical ethics, Medical law, Medical malpractice, Medical records, Medical research, Medical torture, Medicine, Mencius, Meta-ethics, Moral, Moral obligation, Moral responsibility, Morality, Mordechai Dov Brody, Nancy Cruzan, Nanomedicine, National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research, Natural rights, Nikolaos Loudovikos, Normative ethics, Organ donation, Organ transplantation, Ovum, Pain management, Parthenogenesis, Patients' Bill of Rights, Perspective (cognitive), Peter Singer, Philosophy, Piergiorgio Welby, Placebo, Plato, Politics, Pope John Paul II, Pope Paul VI, Population control, Prescription drug prices in the United States, Prescription drugs, Principle, Procreative beneficence, Professional ethics, Psychosurgery, Quality of Life (Healthcare), RM Hare, Ramón Sampedro, Recreational drug use, Reproductive rights, Reprogenetics, Resources for clinical ethics consultation, Respirators, Rights, Robert Latimer, Rom Houben, Ruth Faden, Søren Kierkegaard, Spermatozoon, Spiritual drug use, Spiro Nikolouzos, Springer Science+Business Media, Stem cell, Stuart J. Youngner, Sue Rodriguez, Suffering, Suicide, Sun Hudson case, Surrogacy, Technology, Terri Schiavo, Terri Schiavo case, The Eighth Day (book), The MIT Press, The President's Council on Bioethics, Theology, Thomas Aquinas, Thomas Nagel, Three-parent babies, Tirhas Habtegiris, Tom Beauchamp, Tony Bland, Transexuality, Transhumanism, Transplant trade, Trust (social sciences), Utilitarianism, Value (ethics), Vandana Shiva, Virtue, Virtue ethics, Wesley J. Smith, Willard Gaylin, William B. Coleman, Xenotransplantation,

Abortion is the termination of a pregnancy by the removal or expulsion from the uterus of a fetus or embryo, resulting in or caused by its death.^[1] An abortion can occur spontaneously due to complications during pregnancy or can be induced, in humans and other species. In the context of human pregnancies, an abortion induced to preserve the health of the gravida (pregnant female) is termed a therapeutic abortion, while an abortion induced for any other reason is termed an elective abortion. The term abortion most commonly refers to the induced abortion of a human pregnancy, while spontaneous abortions are usually termed miscarriages.

Alasdair MacIntyre

Alasdair Chalmers MacIntyre (born 12 January 1929 in Glasgow, Scotland) is a leading philosopher primarily known for his contribution to moral and political philosophy but known also for his work in history of philosophy and theology. He is the O'Brien Senior Research Professor of Philosophy at the University of Notre Dame.

Albert R. Jonsen

Albert R. Jonsen Ph.D., (born April 1931 San Francisco) is a biomedical ethicist and author. He is Emeritus Professor of Ethics in Medicine at the University of Washington, School of Medicine, where he was Chairman of the Department of Medical History and Ethics from 1987-1999, and currently is Co-Director of the Program in Medicine and Human Values at California Pacific Medical Center in San Francisco.

Andrew Bedner

Andrew Bedner is an American man at the center of a bioethical controversy regarding the rights of parents to make medical decisions for children they have allegedly abused.^[1]

Animal rights

Animal rights, also referred to as animal liberation, is the idea that the most basic interests of animals should be afforded the same consideration as the similar interests of humans.^[2] Advocates approach the issue from different philosophical positions but agree that animals should be viewed as legal persons and members of the moral community, not property, and that they should not be used as food, clothing, research subjects, or entertainment.^[3]

Aristotle

Aristotle (Greek: Ἀριστοτέλης, Aristotélēs) (384 BC – 322 BC) was a Greek philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. His writings cover many subjects, including physics, metaphysics, poetry, theater, music, logic, rhetoric, politics, government, ethics, biology, and zoology. Together with Plato and Socrates (Plato's teacher), Aristotle is one of the most important founding figures in Western philosophy. Aristotle's writings constitute a first at creating a comprehensive system of Western philosophy, encompassing morality and aesthetics, logic and science, politics and metaphysics.

Arthur Caplan

Arthur L. Caplan PhD, is Emanuel and Robert Hart Professor of Bioethics and director of the Center for Bioethics at the University of Pennsylvania. Prior to coming to Penn in 1994, Caplan taught at the University of Minnesota, the University of Pittsburgh, and Columbia University. He was the Associate Director of the Hastings Center from 1984-1987. Born in Boston, Caplan did his undergraduate work at Brandeis University, and did his graduate work at Columbia University where he received a Ph.D in the history and philosophy of science.

Arthur Schopenhauer

Arthur Schopenhauer (22 February 1788 – 21 September 1860) was a German philosopher known for his atheistic pessimism and philosophical clarity. At age 25, he published his doctoral dissertation, On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason, which examined the fundamental question of whether reason alone can unlock answers about the world.

Artificial insemination

Artificial insemination is the name for the procedure of placing sperm (or semen) in the reproductive tract of a female by means other than sexual intercourse (or NI) with the intention of impregnating the female.

Artificial life

Artificial life (commonly Alife or alife) is a field of study and an associated art form which examine systems related to life, its processes, and its evolution through simulations using computer models, robotics, and biochemistry.^[1] There are three main kinds of alife^[2], named for their approaches: soft^[3], from software; hard^[4], from hardware; and wet, from biochemistry. Artificial life imitates traditional biology by trying to recreate biological phenomena.^[5] The term "artificial life" is often used to specifically refer to soft alife.^[6]

Artificial womb

In the field of ectogenesis, an artificial uterus (or womb) is a mechanism that is used to grow an embryo outside of the body of a female organism that would normally internally carry the embryo to term.

Assisted suicide

Assisted suicide is the process by which an individual, who may otherwise be incapable, is provided with the means (drugs or equipment) to commit suicide. In some cases, the terms aid in dying or death with dignity are preferred.^[1] These terms are often used to draw a distinction from suicide; in some legal jurisdictions, "suicide" (whether assisted or not) remains illegal, while "aid in dying" is permitted^{[citation needed]}.