Beneš decrees
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Alfred-Maurice de Zayas, Allies of World War II, Bavaria, Beneš decrees, Cambridge University Press, Cas Mudde, Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, Christian Social Union of Bavaria, Citizenship, Code enforcement, Collaborationism, Collective guilt, Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, Crime against humanity, Czech Republic, Czechoslovak Government-in-Exile, Czechoslovak government-in-exile, DOC (computing), Deportation, Edmund Stoiber, Edvard Beneš, Ethnic cleansing, Ethnic origin, Euroscepticism, Expropriation, Expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia, Federation of Expellees, Felix Ermacora, First World War, Foreign relations of Liechtenstein, Genocide, German Bohemia, German occupation of Czechoslovakia, German people, Germans, Germans in Czechoslovakia, Government, Human rights, Hungarian minority in Slovakia, Hungarian people, Hungarians, Hungarians in Czechoslovakia, Hungarians in Slovakia, International Standard Book Number, Irredentism, Ján Slota, Jan Kavan, Košice, Konrad Henlein, László Sólyom, Law, Liechtenstein, List of Presidents of Czechoslovakia, London, Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law, Miloš Zeman, National Front (Czechoslovakia), Nazi Germany, Nové Zámky, Péter Medgyessy, Portable document format, Potsdam conference, Prague Post, Prince of Liechtenstein, Pursuit of Nazi collaborators, Right-wing, Routledge, Self-determination, Slovak National Party, Slovakia, St. Martin's Press, Sudeten German Party, Sudetendeutsche Landsmannschaft, Sudetenland, Theo Waigel, Third Reich, Time Magazine, Treaty of St. Germain, Václav Havel, Václav Klaus, Viktor Orbán, Wikisource, Wolfgang Schüssel, World War I, World War II, The Beneš decrees is a term referring to a series of laws enacted by the Czechoslovak Government-in-Exile during World War II in the absence of the Czechoslovak parliament (see details in German occupation of Czechoslovakia). Today, the term is most frequently used for the part of the decrees that dealt with the status of ethnic Germans and Hungarians in postwar Czechoslovakia, and laid the ground for the deportation of around 3 million Germans and Hungarians from the land that had been their home for centuries (see expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia and Hungarians in Slovakia). The Beneš decrees have become a symbol for historical debates over the expulsions and its ramifications in today's politics. Officially, the decrees are referred to as Decrees of the President of the Republic (in Czech, dekrety presidenta republiky).
Alfred-Maurice de Zayas (born 31 May 1947[1] in Havana, Cuba) is an American lawyer, writer, historian, a leading expert in the field of human rights, as well as a former high-ranking United Nations official. He is currently a professor of international law at the Geneva School of Diplomacy and International Relations,[2] and was formerly a senior lawyer with the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights,[3][4] Secretary of the Human Rights Committee, and the Chief of Petitions. He practised law in New York as an associate in the law firm Simpson Thacher & Bartlett from 1970 to 1974, specializing on corporate law, and is also a retired member of the Florida Bar.
The Allies of World War II were the countries that opposed the Axis powers during the Second World War (1939-1945).[1] The Allies became involved in World War II either because they had already been invaded or were directly threatened with invasion by the Axis or because they were concerned that the Axis powers would come to control the world.[2] After 1941, the leaders of the United Kingdom, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and the United States of America, known as "The Big Three",[3] held leadership of the Allied powers. France, before its defeat in 1940 and after Operation Overlord in 1944, as well as China[4][1][5] at that time, were also major Allies.[6] Other Allies included Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Ethiopia, Greece, India, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, the Philippine Commonwealth, Poland, the Union of South Africa, and Yugoslavia.[7]
Bavaria, formally the Free State of Bavaria (German: Freistaat Bayern, pronounced [ˈfʁaɪ.ʃtaːt ˈbaɪ.ɐn] (
listen)) is a state of Germany, located in the southeast of the country. With an area of 70,548 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi) and almost 12.5 million inhabitants, it is the largest German state by area, forming almost 20% of the total land area of Germany. Its capital is Munich in Upper Bavaria.The Beneš decrees is a term referring to a series of laws enacted by the Czechoslovak Government-in-Exile during World War II in the absence of the Czechoslovak parliament (see details in German occupation of Czechoslovakia). Today, the term is most frequently used for the part of the decrees that dealt with the status of ethnic Germans and Hungarians in postwar Czechoslovakia, and laid the ground for the deportation of around 3 million Germans and Hungarians from the land that had been their home for centuries (see expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia and Hungarians in Slovakia). The Beneš decrees have become a symbol for historical debates over the expulsions and its ramifications in today's politics. Officially, the decrees are referred to as Decrees of the President of the Republic (in Czech, dekrety presidenta republiky).
Cambridge University Press is the publishing business of the University of Cambridge. Granted a Royal Letters Patent by Henry VIII in 1534, it is the world's oldest continually operating book publisher. Cambridge is both an academic and educational publishing house, with a regional structure operating in Europe, the Middle East and Africa (EMEA); the Americas; and Asia-Pacific.Cas Mudde (b. 1967) is a senior lecturer and former chairman of the Department of Political Science at the University of Antwerp in Belgium. His research includes the areas of political parties, extremism, democracy, civil society and European politics.The Christian Social Union in Bavaria (
CSU – Christlich-Soziale Union in Bayern (help·info)) is a Christian democratic and conservative political party in Germany. It was founded as a continuation of the Weimar-era Catholic Bavarian People's Party. It operates only in the state of Bavaria, while its sister party, the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), operates in the other 15 states of Germany. The difference between the CDU and the CSU is mainly that the CSU is more conservative in domestic issues but more progressive in social issues. At the federal level, it forms a common faction in the Bundestag, the federal parliament, with the CDU. This makes up the CDU/CSU faction, which is frequently referred to as die Unionsfraktion (the Union faction). The CSU currently governs at the federal level with the CDU and FDP. In the state of Bavaria, the CSU governs in a coalition with the FDP. Even after the 2009 general election, the CDU/CSU emerged as the largest party in Germany, yet both lost votes predominantly to the FDP. The CSU received only 42.5% of the vote in Bavaria in the 2009 election, which constitutes its weakest showing in the party's history.
The Allies of World War II were the countries that opposed the Axis powers during the Second World War (1939-1945).[1] The Allies became involved in World War II either because they had already been invaded or were directly threatened with invasion by the Axis or because they were concerned that the Axis powers would come to control the world.[2] After 1941, the leaders of the United Kingdom, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and the United States of America, known as "The Big Three",[3] held leadership of the Allied powers. France, before its defeat in 1940 and after Operation Overlord in 1944, as well as China[4][1][5] at that time, were also major Allies.[6] Other Allies included Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Ethiopia, Greece, India, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, the Philippine Commonwealth, Poland, the Union of South Africa, and Yugoslavia.[7]
Bavaria, formally the Free State of Bavaria (German: Freistaat Bayern, pronounced [ˈfʁaɪ.ʃtaːt ˈbaɪ.ɐn] (
listen)) is a state of Germany, located in the southeast of the country. With an area of 70,548 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi) and almost 12.5 million inhabitants, it is the largest German state by area, forming almost 20% of the total land area of Germany. Its capital is Munich in Upper Bavaria.The Beneš decrees is a term referring to a series of laws enacted by the Czechoslovak Government-in-Exile during World War II in the absence of the Czechoslovak parliament (see details in German occupation of Czechoslovakia). Today, the term is most frequently used for the part of the decrees that dealt with the status of ethnic Germans and Hungarians in postwar Czechoslovakia, and laid the ground for the deportation of around 3 million Germans and Hungarians from the land that had been their home for centuries (see expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia and Hungarians in Slovakia). The Beneš decrees have become a symbol for historical debates over the expulsions and its ramifications in today's politics. Officially, the decrees are referred to as Decrees of the President of the Republic (in Czech, dekrety presidenta republiky).Cambridge University Press is the publishing business of the University of Cambridge. Granted a Royal Letters Patent by Henry VIII in 1534, it is the world's oldest continually operating book publisher. Cambridge is both an academic and educational publishing house, with a regional structure operating in Europe, the Middle East and Africa (EMEA); the Americas; and Asia-Pacific.Cas Mudde (b. 1967) is a senior lecturer and former chairman of the Department of Political Science at the University of Antwerp in Belgium. His research includes the areas of political parties, extremism, democracy, civil society and European politics.The Christian Social Union in Bavaria (
CSU – Christlich-Soziale Union in Bayern (help·info)) is a Christian democratic and conservative political party in Germany. It was founded as a continuation of the Weimar-era Catholic Bavarian People's Party. It operates only in the state of Bavaria, while its sister party, the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), operates in the other 15 states of Germany. The difference between the CDU and the CSU is mainly that the CSU is more conservative in domestic issues but more progressive in social issues. At the federal level, it forms a common faction in the Bundestag, the federal parliament, with the CDU. This makes up the CDU/CSU faction, which is frequently referred to as die Unionsfraktion (the Union faction). The CSU currently governs at the federal level with the CDU and FDP. In the state of Bavaria, the CSU governs in a coalition with the FDP. Even after the 2009 general election, the CDU/CSU emerged as the largest party in Germany, yet both lost votes predominantly to the FDP. The CSU received only 42.5% of the vote in Bavaria in the 2009 election, which constitutes its weakest showing in the party's history.