Beer

Édouard Manet, Ţuică, Absinth Wormwood, Absinthe, Abv, Adjunct (beer), Advocaat, Africa, African beer, Agave, Aguardiente, Akvavit, Alcohol by volume, Alcoholic beverage, Ale, Ales, Altbier, Aluminum can, Amaretto, American-style lager, American beer, American pale ale, Amylase, Amylolytic process, Ancient Egypt, Andes, Anheuser-Busch, Anheuser-Busch InBev, Antibiotic, Anton Dreher, Applejack (beverage), Arak (distilled beverage), Armagnac (drink), Arrack, Artisan, Austrian beer, Awamori, Bärenfang, Bénédictine, B vitamins, Baijiu, Baltic porter, Bar (establishment), Bar billiards, Barley, Barley wine, Bavaria, Beer (disambiguation), Beer ball, Beer belly, Beer bottle, Beer consumption by country, Beer engine, Beer festival, Beer festivals, Beer glassware, Beer head, Beer in Africa, Beer in Asia, Beer in Australia, Beer in Austria, Beer in Azerbaijan, Beer in Brazil, Beer in Bulgaria, Beer in Canada, Beer in Chile, Beer in Denmark, Beer in England, Beer in Finland, Beer in Hungary, 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Ţuică (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈt͡sujkə], sometimes spelled tuica, tzuika, tsuika, tsuica, or tzuica), is a traditional Romanian alcoholic beverage, usually made from plums.

Absinth Wormwood

Artemisia absinthium (absinthium, absinthe wormwood, wormwood, common wormwood, or grand wormwood) is a species of wormwood, native to temperate regions of Eurasia and northern Africa.

Absinthe

Absinthe is historically described as a distilled, highly alcoholic (45%–74% ABV) beverage.^[1][2][3][4] It is an anise-flavoured spirit derived from herbs, including the flowers and leaves of the herb Artemisia absinthium, commonly referred to as "grande wormwood". Absinthe traditionally has a natural green colour but can also be colourless. It is commonly referred to in historical literature as "la fée verte" (the Green Fairy).

Abv

Alcohol by volume (abbreviated as abv or ABV) is a standard measure of how much alcohol (ethanol) is contained in an alcoholic beverage (expressed as a percentage of total volume).^[1][2][3] The ABV standard is used worldwide.^[4]

Adjunct (beer)

Adjuncts are unmalted grains (such as corn, rice, rye, oats, barley, and wheat^[1]) used in brewing beer which supplement the main mash ingredients (such as malted barley), often with the intention of cutting costs, but sometimes to create an additional feature, such as better foam retention.

Advocaat

Advocaat (or advokat) is a rich and creamy liqueur made from eggs, sugar and brandy. It has a smooth, custard-like flavor. In English-speaking countries it generally contains 15% alcohol (30 proof), but in Continental Europe the typical alcohol content differs from country to country and is generally somewhere between 14% and 20% ABV. Its contents may be a blend of egg yolks, aromatic spirits, sugar or honey, brandy, vanilla and sometimes cream (or evaporated milk). Notable makers of advocaat include Warners, Bols, Dwersteg (first organic advocaat), Verpoorten, Warninks, Cooymans, Jansen and De Kuyper.

Africa

Africa is the world's second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km² (11.7 million sq mi) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area.^[2] With a billion people (as of 2009, see table) in 61 territories, it accounts for about 14.72% of the World's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. Not counting the disputed territory of Western Sahara, there are 53 countries, including Madagascar and various island groups, associated with the continent.

African beer

African beer refers to all beers made in Africa. Beer, especially lager, is produced commercially in most African countries, and varieties of beer are also made by indigenous tribes.

Aguardiente

Aguardiente (Spanish), aguardente (Portuguese), augardente/caña (Galician) or oruxu (Leonese), is the generic name for alcoholic drinks between 29 and 60 percent alcohol, meaning "firewater", or, literally "burning water" ^[1]. The word itself is a compound word, combining the words for water ("agua" in Spanish, "água" in Portuguese, or "auga" in Galician) and burning ("ardiente" in Spanish, "ardente" in Portuguese and Galician).

Akvavit

Akvavit /AHKVə-veet/ (also spelled aquavit /AHKWə-veet/) is a flavored spirit that is produced in Scandinavia and typically contains 40% alcohol by volume. Its name comes from aqua vitae, the Latin for "water of life".

Alcohol by volume

Alcohol by volume (abbreviated as abv or ABV) is a standard measure of how much alcohol (ethanol) is contained in an alcoholic beverage (expressed as a percentage of total volume).^[1][2][3] The ABV standard is used worldwide.^[4]

Alcoholic beverage

An alcoholic beverage is a drink that contains ethanol (commonly called alcohol). Alcoholic beverages are divided into three general classes: beers, wines, and spirits.

Ale

Ale is a type of beer brewed from malted barley using a top-fermenting brewers' yeast. This yeast ferments the beer quickly, giving it a sweet, full bodied and fruity taste. Most ales contain hops, which impart a bitter herbal flavour that helps to balance the sweetness of the malt and preserve the beer. The other major style of beer — lager — is bottom-fermented.

Altbier

Altbier (often abbreviated to Alt) is the name given to a form of German top-fermenting beer that originated in Westphalia and spread to parts of the Rhineland later.

Aluminum can

A beverage can, is a container manufactured from aluminum or steel designed to hold a single serving of a beverage. Beverage cans are also made of tinplate: see tin can.

American-style lager

American-style lager beer is a common variety of beer, a type of pale lager, traditionally made and consumed in North America. It derives ultimately from the Czech Pilsner, but is characterized by a much lighter color and body and the frequent use of rice or corn as adjuncts. Worldwide, the best-known example is likely Anheuser-Busch's Budweiser, though prominent brands are also made by Coors Brewing Company (United States), and SABMiller (South Africa/United States/United Kingdom). The American-style lager is the predominant choice among America's largest brewing companies, and is also commonly found in microbreweries throughout the USA.

American beer

Beer is the most popular alcoholic beverage in the United States. Within the United States, beer is manufactured by more than 1,500 breweries^[1] which range in size from beverage industry giants to small brew pubs that sell their beer only on premises. Many people in the United States also enjoy the hobby of homebrewing. The United States produces about 230 million hectoliters (about 6 billion gallons) of beer annually and leads the world in beer production with regards to volume.^[2] The number of breweries in the United States ranks first in the world.^[3] Beer consumption by Americans is about 85 liters annually, which in 2002 ranked 8th in the world.^[4]

American pale ale

American Pale Ale (APA) is a style of American beer based at least originally on beers of the British pale ale tradition. They are pale to amber in color and generally their flavor and aroma is centered around the citrusy and pine character of American hops with caramel-like malt flavors and fruity esters from the ale yeast playing a supporting role. The style evolved in tandem with a renewed interest in ales and the resurgence of microbreweries in the United States which brought about a new focus on American hops.^[1]

Amylase

An amylase is an enzyme that breaks starch down into sugar. Amylase is present in human saliva, where it begins the chemical process of digestion. Foods that contain much starch but little sugar, such as rice and potato, taste slightly sweet as they are chewed because amylase turns some of their starch into sugar in the mouth. The pancreas also makes amylase (alpha amylase) to hydrolyse dietary starch into di- and trisaccharides which are converted by other enzymes to glucose to supply the body with energy. Plants and some bacteria also produce amylase. As diastase, amylase was the first enzyme to be discovered and isolated (by Anselme Payen in 1833).^{[citation needed]} Specific amylase proteins are designated by different Greek letters. All amylases are glycoside hydrolases and act on α-1,4-glycosidic bonds. It will start to denature at around 60C.

Ancient Egypt

Ancient Egypt was an ancient civilization of eastern North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now the modern country of Egypt. The civilization coalesced around 3150 BC^[1] with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the first pharaoh, and it developed over the next three millennia.^[2] Its history occurred in a series of stable Kingdoms, separated by periods of relative instability known as Intermediate Periods. Ancient Egypt reached its pinnacle during the New Kingdom, after which it entered a period of slow decline. Egypt was conquered by a succession of foreign powers in this late period, and the rule of the pharaohs officially ended in 31 BC when the early Roman Empire conquered Egypt and made it a province.^[3]

Andes

The Andes are the world's longest continental mountain range. They lie as a continuous chain of highland along the western coast of South America. The range is over 7,000 km (4,300 mi) long, 200 km (120 mi) to 700 km (430 mi) wide (widest between 18° to 20°S latitude), and of an average height of about 4,000 m (13,000 ft).

Anheuser-Busch

Anheuser-Busch Companies, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Anheuser-Busch InBev, is the largest brewing company in the United States. The company operates 12 breweries in the United States and nearly 20 in other countries. It was, until December 2009, also one of America's largest theme park operators; operating ten theme parks across the United States through the company's family entertainment division, Busch Entertainment Corporation. It is headquartered in St. Louis, Missouri.^[1]

Anheuser-Busch InBev

Anheuser-Busch InBev N.V./S.A. (AB InBev) is a publicly traded company, based in Leuven, Belgium. It is the largest global brewer with nearly 25% global market share and one of the world's top five consumer products companies by EBITA.^{[citation needed]}

Antibiotic

In common usage, an antibiotic (from the Ancient Greek: ἀντί – anti, "against", and βίος – bios, "life") is a substance or compound that kills, or inhibits the growth of, bacteria.^[1] Antibiotics belong to the broader group of antimicrobial compounds, used to treat infections caused by microorganisms, including fungi and protozoa.^{[citation needed]}

Anton Dreher

Anton Dreher(, Sr.) (born June 7, 1810, in Klein-Schwechat (now a part of Schwechat), near Vienna (Austria) - December 27, 1863, Schwechat) was an Austrian brewer who was an important figure in the development of pale lager.

Applejack (beverage)

Applejack is a strong alcoholic beverage produced from apples, popular in the American colonial period and thought to originate from the French apple brandy Calvados. Applejack is made by concentrating hard cider, either by the traditional method of freeze distillation or by true evaporative distillation. The term applejack derives from jacking, a term for freeze distillation.

Arak (distilled beverage)

Arak or araq (Arabic: عرق, pronounced [ʕaraq]) is a clear, colourless, unsweetened aniseed-flavoured distilled alcoholic drink (also labeled as an Apéritif), produced and consumed in the Eastern Mediterranean and Northern African countries, Lebanon,Iran, Syria, Israel, the Palestinian Territories, Iraq, Jordan, and Egypt. The word comes from Arabic ˤaraq عرق. Arak is not to be confused with the similarly named liquor, arrack (which in some cases, such as in Indonesia—especially Bali, also goes by the name arak). Another similarly sounding word is aragh, which in Armenia is the colloquial name of vodka, and not an aniseed-flavoured drink. Raki and ouzo are aniseed-flavored alcoholic drinks related to arak popular in Turkey and Greece.

Armagnac (drink)

Armagnac (French pronunciation: [aʁmaˈɲak]) is a distinctive kind of brandy or eau de vie produced in the Armagnac region in Gascony, southwest France. It is distilled from wine usually made from a blend of grapes including Ugni Blanc, Colombard, and Baco 22A, using column stills rather than the pot stills used in the production of Cognac. The resulting spirit is then aged in oak barrels before release. Production is overseen by INAO and the Bureau National Interprofessionel de l'Armagnac - [1] (BNIA).

Arrack

Arrack is an alcoholic beverage that is distilled mainly in South Asia and South East Asia from fermented fruit, grain, sugarcane, or the sap of coconut palms. Arrack typically has golden amber color, which distinguishes it from the colorless and transparent Middle Eastern arak.

Artisan

An artisan (from Italian: artigiano) is a skilled manual worker who crafts items that may be functional or strictly decorative, including furniture, clothing, jewelry, household items, and tools. The term can also be used as an adjective to refer to the craft of hand making food products, such as bread, beverages and cheese.

Austrian beer

There are many different types of Austrian beer. The most common style of beer is called Märzen which is roughly equivalent to the English lager or Bavarian Helles. Among the multitude of local and regional breweries, certain brands are available nationally.

Awamori

Awamori (泡盛) is an alcoholic beverage indigenous to and unique to Okinawa, Japan. It is made from rice, and is not a direct product of brewing (like sake) but of distillation (like shōchū).

B vitamins

The B vitamins are eight water-soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism. Historically, the B vitamins were once thought to be a single vitamin, referred to as vitamin B (much as people refer to vitamin C or vitamin D). Later research showed that they are chemically distinct vitamins that often coexist in the same foods. Supplements containing all eight are generally referred to as a vitamin B complex. Individual B vitamin supplements are referred to by the specific name of each vitamin (e.g. B₁, B₂, B₃ etc.).

Baijiu

Baijiu (Chinese: 白酒; pinyin: báijiǔ), or shaojiu (烧酒) is a Chinese distilled alcoholic beverage. The name baijiu literally means "white liquor," "white alcohol" or "white spirits". Baijiu is often mistakenly translated as "wine" or "white wine," but it is actually a distilled liquor, generally about 80 to 120 proof, or 40-60% alcohol by volume (ABV) (ethanol).

Baltic porter

Stout and porter are dark beers made using roasted malt or barley,^[1] hops, water, and yeast. Stouts were traditionally the generic term for the strongest or stoutest beers, typically 7% or 8%,^[2] produced by a brewery.

Bar (establishment)

A bar (also called a pub, tavern, saloon, or taproom) is an establishment that serves drinks, especially alcoholic beverages such as beer, liquor, and cocktails, for consumption on the premises.^[1]

Bar billiards

Bar billiards is a form of billiards which was possibly initially based on the traditional game of bagatelle. The origins of the game are uncertain, yet it has been suggested that there is a link to a traditional Russian game. Bar billiards in its current form started in the UK in the 1930s and the tables were made by the Jelkes company of Holloway Road in London and sold to many pubs. It is a traditional game played in West Sussex, Berkshire, Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire.

Barley wine

Barley wine or Barleywine is a beer style of strong ale originating in England. The first beer to be marketed as Barley Wine was Bass No. 1 Ale, around 1900. The term "barley wine" had been used before in other contexts,^[1] for example in translations of Xenophon's Anabasis (although it may have referred to regular grape wine with cooked barley in it).^[2]

Bavaria

Bavaria, formally the Free State of Bavaria (German: Freistaat Bayern, pronounced [ˈfʁaɪ.ʃtaːt ˈbaɪ.ɐn]  ( listen)) is a state of Germany, located in the southeast of the country. With an area of 70,548 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi) and almost 12.5 million inhabitants, it is the largest German state by area, forming almost 20% of the total land area of Germany. Its capital is Munich in Upper Bavaria.

Beer ball

A keg is a cylindrical container, usually constructed of aluminum, steel or wood. It is commonly used to store, transport, and serve beer. Other alcoholic or non-alcoholic drinks, carbonated or non-carbonated, may be housed in a keg as well. Such liquids are generally kept under pressure.

Beer belly

Abdominal obesity, colloquially known as belly fat or clinically as central obesity, is the accumulation of visceral fat resulting in an increase in waist size. There is a strong correlation between central obesity and cardiovascular disease.^[1]

Beer bottle

A beer bottle is a bottle for beer usually made of glass, plastic, or aluminum. Bottled beer has been in use since as early as the 16th century. Beer bottles come in various sizes, shapes and colours. Dark glass prevents light from spoiling the beer. However, lighter coloured bottles are often used for marketing reasons.

Beer engine

A beer engine is a device for pumping beer, originally manually operated and typically used to dispense beer from a cask or container in a pub's basement or cellar. It was invented by the locksmith and hydraulic engineer Joseph Bramah in 1797. Strictly the term refers to the pump itself, which is normally manually operated, though electrically powered and gas powered^[1] pumps are occasionally used; when manually powered, the term handpump is often used to refer to both the pump and the associated handle.

Beer festival

A Beer Festival is an organised event during which a variety of beers (and often other alcoholic drinks) are available for tasting and purchase. Beer festivals are held in a number of countries. A Beer Exhibition is usually synonymous with a Beer Festival but, whilst a beer festival may involve a limited range of beer styles or manufacturers, with an emphasis on entertainment, use of the term "beer exhibition" places emphasis on sampling or tasting a wide range of beers, usually craft-brewed in a variety of different styles by various brewers. There may be a theme; for instance beers from a particular area, or a particular brewing style such as winter ales. Beerex is a commonly used portmanteau word coined in 1977^[1] as an abbreviated form of Beer Exhibition.