Austria

Austria /ˈɔːstriə/ (help·info) (German: Österreich (help·info)), officially the Republic of Austria (German: Republik Österreich), is a landlocked country of roughly 8.3 million people^[3] in Central Europe. It borders Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of Austria covers 83,872 square kilometres (32,383 sq mi), and is influenced by a temperate and alpine climate. Austria's terrain is highly mountainous due to the presence of the Alps; only 32% of the country is below 500 metres (1,640 ft), and its highest point is 3,797 metres (12,457 ft).^[6] The majority of the population speaks German,^[7] which is also the country's official language.^[1] Other local official languages are Croatian, Hungarian and Slovene.^[6]

Additional info

Österreichische Basketball Bundesliga

The Österreichische Basketball Bundesliga (OBL) (in English: The Austrian Basketball League) is the top men's professional basketball league in Austria. Until the 2004-05 season, the league was known as the A-Liga (A-League) and then until the 2008-09 season it was called the Österreichische Basketball Bundesliga (OBL). Since the 2008-09 season, it has been named the Admiral Basketball League, after the league's main sponsor, Admiral Sportwetten.

Ötztal Alps

The Ötztal Alps (German: Ötztaler Alpen, Italian: Alpi Venoste) are a mountain range in the central Alps of Europe, part of the Central Eastern Alps. They are arrayed at the head of the Ötztal, a side valley of the Inn River southwest of Innsbruck, Austria; the line of summits forms part of Austria's border with Italy. The western border is the Reschen Pass, while on the east the range is separated from the Stubai Alps by the Timmelsjoch. On the south side, the range is limited by the deep Adige valley (Vinschgau).

.eu

.eu is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for the European Union (EU). Launched 7 December 2005, the domain is available for organisations and citizens in EU member states. The TLD is administered by EURid, a consortium consisting of the national ccTLD registry operators of Belgium, Sweden, Italy and the Czech Republic. Trademark owners were able to submit registrations through a sunrise period, in an effort to prevent cybersquatting. Full registration started on 7 April 2006.^{[citation needed]}

1848 revolution

The European Revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the Spring of Nations, Springtime of the Peoples or the Year of Revolution, were a series of political upheavals throughout the European continent. Described by some historians as a revolutionary wave, the period of unrest began in France and then, further propelled by the French Revolution of 1848, soon spread to the rest of Europe.

1964 Winter Olympics

The 1964 Winter Olympics, officially known as the IX Olympic Winter Games, were a winter multi-sport event which was celebrated in Innsbruck, Austria, from January 29 to February 9, 1964. The games included 1091 athletes from 36 nations, and the Olympic Torch was carried by Joseph Rieder,^[1] a former alpine skier who had participated in the 1956 Winter Olympics.

1976 Winter Olympics

The 1976 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XII Olympic Winter Games, were a winter multi-sport event which was celebrated February 4-15 1976 in Innsbruck, Austria. It was the second time the Tyrolean city hosted the Games.

1 E10 m²

To help compare orders of magnitude of different geographical regions , areas between 10,000 km² and 100,000 km² are listed here. See also areas of other orders of magnitude.

2008 UEFA European Football Championship

The 2008 UEFA European Football Championship, commonly referred to as Euro 2008, was the 13th UEFA European Football Championship, a quadrennial football tournament contested by European nations. The tournament, which was hosted by Austria and Switzerland, began on 7 June 2008 and concluded with the final at Ernst Happel Stadion in Vienna on 29 June 2008. The second jointly-hosted edition in the competition's history, the tournament was eventually won by Spain, defeating Germany 1–0 in the final; becoming only the second nation to win all their group stage fixtures and win the European Championship itself; a milestone also achieved by France in 1984. Spain were also the first team since Germany in 1996 to win the tournament undefeated.

2012 Winter Youth Olympics

The 2012 Winter Youth Olympic Games (officially known as I Winter Youth Olympic Games) is the inaugural event of the Winter Youth Olympics. They will be celebrated from January 13 to January 22, 2012, during the XXIX Olympiad, in the city of Innsbruck, Austria.

Adalbert Stifter

Adalbert Stifter (23 October 1805 – 28 January 1868) was an Austrian writer, poet, painter, and pedagogue. He was especially notable for the vivid natural landscapes depicted in his writing, and has long been popular in the German-speaking world, while almost entirely unknown to English readers.

Administrative divisions of Austria

Austria

/ˈɔːstriə/ (help·info) (German:

Österreich (help·info)), officially the Republic of Austria (German:

Republik Österreich), is a landlocked country of roughly 8.3 million people^[3] in Central Europe. It borders Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of Austria covers 83,872 square kilometres (32,383 sq mi), and is influenced by a temperate and alpine climate. Austria's terrain is highly mountainous due to the presence of the Alps; only 32% of the country is below 500 metres (1,640 ft), and its highest point is 3,797 metres (12,457 ft).^[6] The majority of the population speaks German,^[7] which is also the country's official language.^[1] Other local official languages are Croatian, Hungarian and Slovene.^[6]

Adolf Loos

Adolf Loos (10 December 1870 – 23 August 1933) was a Czech-born^[1] Austrian architect. He was influental in European Modern architecture, in his essay Ornament and Crime he repudiated the florid style of the Vienna Secession, the Austrian version of Art Nouveau. In this and many other essays he contributed to the elaboration of a body of theory and criticism of Modernism in architecture.

Alban Berg

Alban Maria Johanne Berg (February 9, 1885 – December 24, 1935) was an Austrian composer. He was a member of the Second Viennese School with Arnold Schoenberg and Anton Webern, and produced compositions that combined Mahlerian Romanticism with a personal adaptation of Schoenberg's twelve-tone technique.

Albania

Albania

/ælˈbeɪniə/ (help·info) (Albanian: Shqipëri/Shqipëria, Gheg Albanian: Shqipnia or Shqypnia), officially the Republic of Albania (Albanian: Republika e Shqipërisë, pronounced [ɾɛpuˈblika ɛ ʃcipəˈɾiːs]), is a Mediterranean country in South Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo^[a] to the northeast, Macedonia to the east and Greece to the south and southeast. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the west, and on the Ionian Sea to the southwest. It is less than 72 km (45 mi) from Italy, across the Strait of Otranto which links the Adriatic Sea to the Ionian Sea.

Albert V of Austria

Albert II of Habsburg (August 10, 1397 – October 27, 1439) was King of Germany from 1438 until his death. He was also King of Bohemia, King of Hungary, as Albrecht, duke of Luxembourg and, as Albert V, archduke of Austria from 1404[1].

Alemannic German

Alemannic German (Alemannisch) is a group of dialects of the Upper German branch of the Germanic language family. It is spoken by approximately ten million people in seven countries, including southern Germany, Switzerland, France, Austria, Liechtenstein, Venezuela, and Italy. The name derives from the ancient Germanic alliance of tribes known as the Alamanni (from which also comes French "Allemagne", Spanish "Alemania", Portuguese "Alemanha" and Persian "Alman" and Arabic and Turkish "Almanya", all names for Germany).

Alfred Adler

Psychosocial development
Conscious
Preconscious
Unconscious
Psychic apparatus
Id, ego, and super-ego
Libido
Drive
Transference
Countertransference
Ego defenses
Resistance
Projection

Alfred Gusenbauer

Alfred Gusenbauer (born February 8, 1960) was Chancellor of Austria from January 2007 to December 2008 and the leader of the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ) from 2000 to 2008.

Alliance for the Future of Austria

The Alliance for the Future of Austria (Bündnis Zukunft Österreich, BZÖ) is a national conservative political party in Austria which was led by one of its founders Jörg Haider until his death on October 11, 2008. It was founded by members of the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) on April 3, 2005. In the period after Haider's death, the party was led by a temporary leadership team. On 26 April 2009, at a party congress in Linz, Josef Bucher was elected as the new leader of the party.

Allied-administered Austria

In 1938 the First Austrian Republic had become part of Nazi Germany through an enforced annexation, the Anschluss. The Moscow Declaration of 1943 declared the Anschluss null and void and so set the restoration of an independent Austrian state as one of aims of the Allies. Karl Renner had formed a Provisional Government in late April 1945 and it had, by declaration, separated Austria from Germany. Following the end of hostilities, this government was very quickly recognised. However, like Germany, Austria was divided into four zones of occupation by the Allies, and Vienna (which was enclosed by the Soviet Zone) was further divided into four, with an additional International Zone at its heart.

Allied-occupied Austria

Allied Commission for Austria

Following the termination of hostilities in World War II, the Allied Powers were in control of the defeated Axis countries. Anticipating the defeat of Germany and Japan, they had already set up the European Advisory Commission and a proposed Far Eastern Advisory Commission to make recommendations for the post war period. Accordingly they managed their control of the defeated countries through Allied Commissions, consisting of representatives of the major Allied Powers.

Allies of World War I

The Entente Powers were the countries at war with the Central Powers during World War I. The key members of the Triple Entente were the United Kingdom, France, and the Russian Empire. Many other countries later joined the Entente side in the war: Belgium, Serbia, Italy, Japan, Greece, Romania and the United States, which were also drawn into the war.^{[citation needed]}

Alpine climate

Alpine climate is the average weather (climate) for a region above the tree line. The climate becomes colder at high elevations—this characteristic is described by the lapse rate of air: air tends to get colder as it rises, since it expands. The dry adiabatic lapse rate is 10 °C per km of elevation or altitude. Therefore, moving up 100 meters on a mountain is roughly equivalent to moving 80 kilometers (45 miles or 0.75° of latitude) towards the pole.^[1] This relationship is only approximate, however, since local factors such as proximity to oceans can drastically modify the climate.

Alpine skiing

Alpine skiing (or "downhill skiing") is the sport of sliding down snow-covered hills on skis with fixed-heel bindings. Alpine skiing can be contrasted with nordic skiing – such as cross-country, ski jumping and Telemark – in which skiers use free-heel bindings.

Alps

The Alps (German: Alpen; Italian: Alpi; Western Lombard: Alp; French: Alpes; Occitan: Aups/Alps; Romansh: Alps; Slovene: Alpe) are one of the great mountain range systems of Europe, stretching from Austria and Slovenia in the east; through Italy, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Germany; to France in the west.

Andorra

Andorra

/ænˈdɒrə/ (help·info), officially the Principality of Andorra (Catalan: Principat d'Andorra), also called the Principality of the Valleys of Andorra,^[4] is a small country in southwestern Europe, located in the eastern Pyrenees mountains and bordered by Spain and France. It is the sixth smallest nation in Europe having an area of 468 km² (181 sq mi) and an estimated population of 84,484 in 2008. Its capital is Andorra la Vella. The official language is Catalan, although Spanish, French, and Portuguese are also commonly spoken.

Anschluss

The Anschluss^[1] (

[ˈʔanʃlʊs] (help·info); German for "link-up"), also known as the Anschluss Österreichs (help·info), was the 1938 de facto annexation^[2] of Austria into Greater Germany by the Nazi regime.

Anton Bruckner

Anton Bruckner (4 September 1824 – 11 October 1896) was an Austrian composer known for his symphonies, masses, and motets. The former are considered emblematic of the final stage of Austro-German Romanticism because of their rich harmonic language, complex polyphony, and considerable length. Bruckner's compositions helped to define contemporary musical radicalism, owing to their dissonances, unprepared modulations, and roving harmonies.

Anton Webern

Anton Webern (3 December 1883 – 15 September 1945) was an Austrian composer and conductor. He was a member of the Second Viennese School. As a student and significant follower of Arnold Schoenberg, he became one of the best-known exponents of the twelve-tone technique; in addition, his innovations regarding schematic organization of pitch, rhythm and dynamics were formative in the musical technique later known as total serialism.

Anton Zeilinger

Anton Zeilinger (born on 20 May 1945 in Ried im Innkreis, Austria) is an Austrian quantum physicist. He is currently professor of physics at the University of Vienna, previously University of Innsbruck. He is also the director of the Vienna branch of the Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information IQOQI at the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Zeilinger has been called a pioneer in the new field of quantum information and is renowned for his realization of quantum teleportation with photons.

Apfelstrudel

Apple strudel (Apfelstrudel) is a traditional Viennese strudel,^[1] a popular pastry in Austria and in many countries in Europe that once belonged to the Austro-Hungarian empire (1867-1918).

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Franz Ferdinand (18 December 1863 – 28 June 1914) was an Archduke of Austria-Este, Austro-Hungarian and Royal Prince of Hungary and of Bohemia, and from 1889 until his death, heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne.^[1] His assassination in Sarajevo precipitated Austria-Hungary's declaration of war against Serbia. This caused countries allied with Austria-Hungary (the Triple Alliance) and countries allied with Serbia (the Triple Entente Powers) to declare war on each other, starting World War I.^[2]^[3]^[4]

Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria

Area

Area is a quantity expressing the two-dimensional size of a defined part of a surface, typically a region bounded by a closed curve. The term surface area refers to the total area of the exposed surface of a 3-dimensional solid, such as the sum of the areas of the exposed sides of a polyhedron. Area is an important invariant in the differential geometry of surfaces.^[1]

Argentina

Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic (Spanish: República Argentina, pronounced [reˈpuβlika aɾxenˈtina]), is the second largest country in South America, constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires. It is the eighth-largest country in the world by land area and the largest among Spanish-speaking nations, though Mexico, Colombia and Spain are more populous.

Armenia

Armenia

/ɑrˈmiːniə/ (help·info) (Armenian: Հայաստան, transliterated: Hayastan, IPA: [hɑjɑsˈtɑn]), officially the Republic of Armenia (Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն, Hayastani Hanrapetut’yun, [hɑjɑstɑˈni hɑnɾɑpɛtuˈtʰjun]), is a landlocked mountainous country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Situated at the juncture of Western Asia and Eastern Europe,^[8] it is bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia to the north, the de facto independent Nagorno-Karabakh Republic and Azerbaijan to the east, and Iran and the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan to the south.

Arnold Schoenberg

Arnold Schoenberg (pronounced [ˈaːrnɔlt ˈʃøːnbɛrk]) (13 September 1874 – 13 July 1951) was an Austrian and later American composer, associated with the expressionist movement in German poetry and art, and leader of the Second Viennese School. He used the spelling Schönberg until after his move to the United States in 1934 (Steinberg 1995, 463), "in deference to American practice" (Foss 1951, 401), though one writer claims he made the change a year earlier (Ross 2007, 45).

Arnold Schwarzenegger

Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger (English pronunciation: /ˈʃwɔrtsənɛɡər/, German: [ˈaɐnɔlt ˈaloʏs ˈʃvaɐtsənˌʔɛɡɐ]; born July 30, 1947) is an Austrian American bodybuilder, actor, model, businessman, and politician, currently serving as the 38th Governor of the state of California.

Association football

Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players using a spherical ball. It is widely considered to be the most popular sport in the world.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Ausgleich

The Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 (German: Ausgleich, Hungarian: Kiegyezés) established the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary, formerly the Habsburg Empire. Signed by Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria and a Hungarian delegation led by the statesman Ferenc Deák, the Compromise established the framework of the new government in which the Cisleithanian (Austrian) and Transleithanian (Hungarian) regions of the state were governed by separate Parliaments and Prime Ministers. Unity was maintained through a common ruler, military, and several ministries. The Compromise was formally voted on by the restored Hungarian Diet on 30 March 1867.

Austrō

Old English Ēostre (also Ēastre) and Old High German Ôstarâ are the names of a putative Germanic goddess whose Anglo-Saxon month, Ēostur-monath, has given its name to the Christian festival of Easter. Eostre is attested only by Bede, in his 8th century work De temporum ratione, where he states that Ēostur-monath was the equivalent to the month of April, and that feasts held in her honor during Ēostur-monath had died out by the time of his writing, replaced by the "Paschal month." The possibility of a Common Germanic goddess called *Austrōn-, reflecting the name of the Proto-Indo-European goddess of the dawn, was examined in detail in 19th century Germanic philology, by Jacob Grimm and others, without coming to a definite conclusion.

Austrasia

Austrasia (rarely Austria, both meaning "eastern land"^{[dubious – discuss]}) formed the north-eastern portion of the Kingdom of the Merovingian Franks, comprising parts of the territory of present-day eastern France, western Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. Metz served as its capital, although some Austrasian kings ruled from Rheims, Trier, and Cologne also. Austrasia was also used as a term for northeast Italy, as opposed to Neustria, which meant the northwest.

Austria at the Olympics

Austria has competed at most of the modern Olympic Games, missing only the 1920 Summer Olympics, from which it was barred because of its role in World War I. The nation has twice hosted the Games, in Innsbruck for the 1964 Winter Olympics and again for the 1976 Winter Olympics.

Austrian Armed Forces

The Österreichisches Bundesheer (German for "Federal Army of Austria", officially referred to as the Austrian Armed Forces in English), is the name for the military of the Republic of Austria.

Austrian Army

Austrian Empire

The Austrian Empire (German: Kaisertum Österreich) was a modern era successor empire founded on a remnant of the Holy Roman Empire centered on what is today's Austria that officially lasted from 1804 to 1867. It was followed by combining the Royal House with that of Hungary creating the dual monarchy Austria–Hungary (also known as the Austro-Hungarian Empire (1867 to 1918), which was itself dissolved by the victors at the end of World War I and broken into separate new states).

Austrian Football Association

The Austrian Football Association (ÖFB) (German: Österreichischer Fußball-Bund) is the governing body of football in Austria. It organizes the football league, Austrian Bundesliga, the Austrian Cup and the Austrian national team, as well as its female equivalent. It is based in Vienna.

Austrian Forces Disaster Relief Unit

The Austrian Forces Disaster Relief Unit (short AFDRU) is an Urban search and rescue (USAR) and disaster relief unit of the Austrian federal army (the Bundesheer).

Austrian German

Austrian German (German: Österreichisches Deutsch), or Austrian Standard German, is the national standard variety of the German language spoken in Austria and in South Tyrol (Italy). The standardized form of Austrian German for official texts and schools is defined by the Austrian dictionary (Österreichisches Wörterbuch), published under the authority of the ministry of education, art and culture.

Austrian Habsburg

The Habsburg Monarchy (or Habsburg Empire) covered the territories ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg (1278–1780), and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine (since 1780), between 1526 and 1867/1918. The capital was mainly Vienna, except from 1583 to 1611,^[1] when the capital was Prague. The monarchy from 1804 to 1867 is usually referred to as the "Austrian Empire" and from 1867 to 1918 as "Austria-Hungary".