Related:
ALH84001,
ALH 84001,
Abiogenesis,
Alpha taxonomy,
Alternative biochemistry,
Ammonia,
Anatomy,
Ancient Greek,
Antarctica,
Anthropic Principle,
Arabidopsis thaliana,
Associated Press,
Asteroid,
Astrobiology (journal),
Astrochemistry,
Astrodynamics,
Astrogeology,
Astrometry,
Astronomy,
Astrophysics,
Astrosciences,
Atmosphere,
Aurelia and Blue Moon,
Aurora programme,
BBC News,
Bacillus safensis,
Bacillus subtilis,
Bacteria,
Bacterium,
Barnacle,
Beagle 2,
Biochemistry,
Bioinformatics,
Biologist,
Biology,
Biomechanics,
Biomolecule,
Biophysics,
Biosphere,
Biostatistics,
Biota (ecology),
Black smoker,
Botany,
COROT,
Cambridge University Press,
Carbon-based life,
Carbon chauvinism,
Carl Sagan,
Cassini probe,
Celestial bodies,
Cell biology,
Characteristics of life,
Chemistry,
Chemosynthesis,
Chloroplast,
Chronobiology,
Clam,
Colonization of the Moon,
Comet,
Conservation biology,
Cosmic radiation,
Cosmochemistry,
Crustacean,
DSV Alvin,
Darwin (ESA),
David Grinspoon,
Deinococcus radiodurans,
Developmental biology,
Digital object identifier,
Doppler spectroscopy,
Drake equation,
Earth,
Ecology,
Ecosystem,
Enceladus (moon),
Epidemiology,
Ethane,
Europa (moon),
European Space Agency,
Evolution,
Evolutionary biology,
ExoMars,
Exoplanet,
Exoplanetology,
Extragalactic astronomy,
Extrasolar planet,
Extrasolar planets,
Extraterrestrial life,
Extremophile,
Extremophiles,
Fermi paradox,
Food chain,
Fossil record,
Frank Drake,
French Space Agency,
Galactic astronomy,
Galapagos Rift,
Genetics,
Genomics,
Geochemistry,
Geography,
Geology,
Geology of solar terrestrial planets,
Giant tube worm,
Gliese 581 c,
Gravitational biology,
Gravitational microlensing,
Habitability of red dwarf systems,
Habitable zone,
Haldane,
Histology,
Hot spring,
Human biology,
Hydrogen,
Hydrogen sulfide,
Hydrosphere,
Hydrothermal vent,
Hypotheses,
Hypothetical types of biochemistry,
Ian Stewart (mathematician),
Immunology,
Infrared astronomy,
Inorganic chemistry,
Interdisciplinary,
International Astronomical Union,
International Standard Book Number,
Interstellar communication,
Isotope,
Jack Cohen (scientist),
Jupiter,
Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter,
Kepler Mission,
Kepler mission,
Life,
Life on Earth,
Life on Europa,
Life on Mars,
Life on Titan,
Light-years,
Light curve,
List of planetary bodies,
Marine biology,
Mars,
Mars Express,
Mars Pathfinder,
Mars Science Laboratory,
Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.,
Mathematical biology,
Mathematician,
McMurdo Dry Valleys,
Meteorite,
Methane,
Microbe,
Microbiology,
Molecular biology,
Molecule,
Moon,
Mussel,
NASA,
NASA Ames Research Center,
NASA Astrobiology Institute,
Natural satellite,
Neuroscience,
Nucleic acids,
Nutrition,
OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb,
Oparin,
Organic compound,
Organic geochemistry,
Origin of life,
Outer space,
Paleontologists,
Paleontology,
Panspermia,
Parasitology,
Pathology,
Penn State University,
Pharmacology,
Phoenix (spacecraft),
Photometry (astronomy),
Photosynthesis,
Physical cosmology,
Physics,
Physiology,
Pilbara,
Planet,
Planetary Science,
Planetary habitability,
Planetary science,
Planetary system,
Prebiotic chemistry,
Principle of mediocrity,
Project Phoenix (SETI),
PubMed Identifier,
Purple Earth Hypothesis,
Radial velocity,
Red dwarf,
Rhizocarpon geographicum,
Rock (geology),
SETI,
Saccharomyces cerevisiae,
Saturn,
Science,
Science (magazine),
Scientific community,
Shadow biosphere,
Sky,
Soil,
Solar System,
Solar radiation,
Solar system,
Solvent,
Space exploration,
Spectroscopy,
Star,
Star system,
Stellar astronomy,
Stephen Jay Gould,
Submillimeter astronomy,
Sun,
Sunlight,
Systems biology,
Tardigrade,
Terraforming,
Terrestrial Planet Finder,
Tidal heating,
Titan (moon),
Toxicology,
Universe,
University of Arizona,
University of Glamorgan,
University of Hawai'i,
University of New South Wales,
University of Washington,
Viking biological experiments,
Viking program,
Water,
Western Australia,
Wikiversity,
Xanthoria elegans,
Xenobiology,
Xenolinguistics,
Zoology,
Astrobiology (other terms have been exobiology, exopaleontology, and bioastronomy) is the study of the origin, evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe. This interdisciplinary field encompasses the search for habitable environments in our Solar System and habitable planets outside our Solar System, the search for evidence of prebiotic chemistry, life on Mars and other bodies in our Solar System, laboratory and field research into the origins and early evolution of life on Earth, and studies of the potential for life to adapt to challenges on Earth and in outer space.[2]
Additional info
ALH84001
Allan Hills 84001 (commonly abbreviated ALH 84001[1]) is a meteorite that was found in Allan Hills, Antarctica on December 27, 1984 by a team of US meteorite hunters from the ANSMET project. Like other members of the group of SNCs (shergottite, nakhlite, chassignite), ALH 84001 is thought to be from Mars. On discovery, its mass was 1.93 kg. It made its way into headlines worldwide in 1996 when scientists announced that it might contain evidence for microscopic fossils of Martian bacteria.ALH 84001
Allan Hills 84001 (commonly abbreviated ALH 84001[1]) is a meteorite that was found in Allan Hills, Antarctica on December 27, 1984 by a team of US meteorite hunters from the ANSMET project. Like other members of the group of SNCs (shergottite, nakhlite, chassignite), ALH 84001 is thought to be from Mars. On discovery, its mass was 1.93 kg. It made its way into headlines worldwide in 1996 when scientists announced that it might contain evidence for microscopic fossils of Martian bacteria.Abiogenesis
In the natural sciences, abiogenesis is the study of how life on Earth could have arisen from inanimate matter. It should not be confused with evolution, which is the study of how groups of living things change over time. Most Amino acids, often called "the building blocks of life", can form via natural chemical reactions unrelated to life, as demonstrated in the Miller–Urey experiment and similar experiments, which involved simulating the conditions of the early Earth. In all living things, these amino acids are organized into proteins, and the construction of these proteins is mediated by nucleic acids. Which of these organic molecules first arose and how they formed the first life is the focus of abiogenesis.Alpha taxonomy
Alpha taxonomy (or sometimes simply taxonomy) is the science of finding, describing and categorising organisms, thus leading to the recognition of proposed taxonomic groups, or taxa (singular: taxon), which may then be named.Alternative biochemistry
The hypothetical types of biochemistry are the different types of speculative biochemistries of alien life forms that differ radically from those known on Earth. It includes biochemistries that use elements other than carbon for its basic structural and physiological functions and/or use solvents other than water. Theories about extraterrestrial life based on these "alternative" biochemistries are common in science fiction.Anatomy
Anatomy (from the Greek ἀνατομία anatomia, from ἀνατέμνειν ana: separate, apart from, and temnein, to cut up, cut open. Also from the Greek word "anatome"--ana: apart, tome: to cut-->To cut apart.) is a branch of biology and medicine that is the consideration of the structure of living things. It is a general term that includes human anatomy, animal anatomy (zootomy) and plant anatomy (phytotomy). In some of its facets anatomy is closely related to embryology, comparative anatomy and comparative embryology,[1] through common roots in evolution.Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek is the historical stage in the development of the Greek language spanning the Archaic (c. 9th–6th centuries BC), Classical (c. 5th–4th centuries BC), and Hellenistic (c. 3rd century BC–6th century AD) periods of ancient Greece and the ancient world. It is predated in the 2nd millennium BC by Mycenaean Greek. Its Hellenistic phase is known as Koine ("common") or Biblical Greek, and its late period mutates imperceptibly into Medieval Greek. Koine is regarded as a separate historical stage of its own, although in its earlier form it closely resembles Classical Greek. Prior to the Koine period, Greek of the classic and earlier periods included several regional dialects.Anthropic Principle
In physics and cosmology, the anthropic principle is the collective name for several ways of asserting that the observations of our physical universe must be compatible with the life observed in it. The principle was formulated as a response to a series of observations that the laws of nature and its fundamental physical constants remarkably take on values that are consistent with conditions for life as we know it rather than a set of values that would not be consistent with life as observed on Earth. The anthropic principle states that this apparent coincidence is actually a necessity because living observers wouldn't be able to exist, and hence, observe the universe, were these laws and constants not constituted in this way.Associated Press
The Associated Press (AP) is an American news agency. The AP is a cooperative owned by its contributing newspapers, radio and television stations in the United States, which both contribute stories to the AP and use material written by its staff journalists. Many newspapers and broadcasters outside the United States are AP subscribers, paying a fee to use AP material without being contributing members of the cooperative.Asteroid
Asteroids, sometimes called minor planets or planetoids, are small Solar System bodies in orbit around the Sun, especially in the inner Solar System; they are smaller than planets but larger than meteoroids. The term "asteroid" has historically been applied primarily to minor planets of the inner Solar System, as the outer Solar System was poorly known when it came into common usage. The distinction between asteroids and comets is made on visual appearance: Comets show a perceptible coma while asteroids do not.Astrochemistry
Astrochemistry, the overlap of the disciplines of astronomy and chemistry, is the study of the abundance and reactions of chemical elements and molecules in space, and their interaction with radiation. The word astrochemistry can refer to both the Solar System, and the interstellar medium. The study of the abundance elements and isotope ratios in Solar System objects (such as meteorites), is also called cosmochemistry, and the study of interstellar atoms and molecules and their interaction with radiation is sometimes also called molecular astrophysics. The formation, atomic and chemical composition, evolution and fate of molecular gas clouds, is of special interest because it is from these clouds that solar systems form.Astrodynamics
Orbital mechanics or astrodynamics is the application of ballistics and celestial mechanics to the practical problems concerning the motion of rockets and other spacecraft. The motion of these objects is usually calculated from Newton's laws of motion and Newton's law of universal gravitation. It is a core discipline within space mission design and control. Celestial mechanics treats more broadly the orbital dynamics of systems under the influence of gravity, including both spacecraft and natural astronomical bodies such as star systems, planets, moons, and comets. Orbital mechanics focuses on spacecraft trajectories, including orbital maneuvers, orbit plane changes, and interplanetary transfers, and is used by mission planners to predict the results of propulsive maneuvers. General relativity is a more exact theory than Newton's laws for calculating orbits, and is sometimes necessary for greater accuracy or in high-gravity situations (such as orbits close to the Sun).Astrogeology
Planetary geology, alternatively known as astrogeology or exogeology, is a planetary science discipline concerned with the geology of the celestial bodies such as the planets and their moons, asteroids, comets, and meteorites.Astrometry
Astrometry is the branch of astronomy that relates to precise measurements and explanations of the positions and movements of stars and other celestial bodies. Although once thought of as an esoteric field with little useful application for the future,[citation needed] the information obtained by astrometric measurements is now very important in contemporary research into the kinematics and physical origin of our Solar System and our Galaxy, the Milky Way.Astronomy
Astronomy is the scientific study of celestial objects (such as stars, planets, comets, nebulæ, star clusters and galaxies) and phenomena that originate outside the Earth's atmosphere (such as the cosmic background radiation). It is concerned with the evolution, physics, chemistry, meteorology, and motion of celestial objects, as well as the formation and development of the universe.Astrophysics
Astrophysics (Greek: Astro - meaning "star", and Greek: physis – φύσις - meaning "nature") is the branch of astronomy that deals with the physics of the universe, including the physical properties (luminosity, density, temperature, and chemical composition) of celestial objects such as galaxies, stars, planets, exoplanets, and the interstellar medium, as well as their interactions. The study of cosmology is theoretical astrophysics at scales much larger than the size of particular gravitationally-bound objects in the universe.Astrosciences
Space science is an all-encompassing term that describes all of the various science fields that are concerned with the study of the Universe, generally also meaning "excluding the Earth" and "outside of the Earth's atmosphere". Originally, all of these fields were considered part of astronomy. However, in recent years the major sub-fields within astronomy, such as astrophysics, have grown so large that they are now considered separate fields on their own. There are eight overall categories that can generally be described on their own; Astrophysics, Galactic Science, Stellar Science, non-Earth Planetary Science, Biology of Other Planets, Astronautics/Space Travel, Space Colonization and Space Defense. The Library of Congress and Dewey Decimal System have a major classification "Descriptive Astronomy" which they use instead of placing descriptive works into their huge "Geography" collections.Atmosphere
An atmosphere (from Greek ἀτμός - atmos "vapor" and σφαῖρα - sphaira "sphere") is a layer of gases that may surround a material body of sufficient mass,[1] by the gravity of the body, and are retained for a longer duration if gravity is high and the atmosphere's temperature is low. Some planets consist mainly of various gases, but only their outer layer is their atmosphere (see gas giants).Aurelia and Blue Moon
Aurelia and Blue Moon are hypothetical examples of a planet and a moon on which extraterrestrial life could evolve. They are the outcome of a collaboration between television company Blue Wave Productions Ltd. and a group of American and British scientists who were collectively commissioned by National Geographic. The team used a combination of accretion theory, climatology, and xenobiology to imagine the most likely locations for extraterrestrial life and most probable evolutionary path such life would take.Aurora programme
The Aurora programme is a human spaceflight programme of the European Space Agency (ESA) established in 2001 with the primary objectives of creating, and then implementing, a European long-term plan for exploration of the Solar System using robotic spacecraft and human spaceflight. A secondary objective is to search for life beyond the Earth.[1]BBC News
BBC News is the department of the BBC responsible for news and current affairs output. The world's largest broadcast news organisation,[1] it generates each day about 120 hours of radio and television, as well as online news coverage.[2] The service maintains 44 foreign news bureaux and has correspondents in almost all the world's 240 countries.Bacillus safensis
Bacillus safensis is a bacterium, highly resistant to gamma and UV radiation, that has raised some concerns over a possibility of having been brought to the planet Mars with the two space probes Spirit and Opportunity in 2004.Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus subtilis, known as the hay bacillus or grass bacillus, is a Gram-positive, catalase-positive bacterium commonly found in soil.[3] A member of the genus Bacillus, B. subtilis is rod-shaped, and has the ability to form a tough, protective endospore, allowing the organism to tolerate extreme environmental conditions. Unlike several other well-known species, B. subtilis has historically been classified as an obligate aerobe, though recent research has demonstrated that this is not strictly correct.[4]Beagle 2
Beagle 2 was an unsuccessful British landing spacecraft that formed part of the European Space Agency's 2003 Mars Express mission. It is not known for certain whether the lander reached the Martian surface; all contact with it was lost upon its separation from the Mars Express six days before its scheduled entry into the atmosphere. It may have missed Mars altogether, skipped off the atmosphere and entered an orbit around the Sun, or burned up during its descent. If it reached the surface, it may have hit too hard or else failed to contact Earth due to a fault. The Beagle 2 is named after the HMS Beagle which twice carried Charles Darwin during expeditions which would later lead to the theory of evolution.Bioinformatics
Bioinformatics is the application of information technology and computer science to the field of molecular biology. The term bioinformatics was coined by Paulien Hogeweg in 1979 for the study of informatic processes in biotic systems. Its primary use since at least the late 1980s has been in genomics and genetics, particularly in those areas of genomics involving large-scale DNA sequencing. Bioinformatics now entails the creation and advancement of databases, algorithms, computational and statistical techniques, and theory to solve formal and practical problems arising from the management and analysis of biological data. Over the past few decades rapid developments in genomic and other molecular research technologies and developments in information technologies have combined to produce a tremendous amount of information related to molecular biology. It is the name given to these mathematical and computing approaches used to glean understanding of biological processes. Common activities in bioinformatics include mapping and analyzing DNA and protein sequences, aligning different DNA and protein sequences to compare them and creating and viewing 3-D models of protein structures.Biologist
A biologist is a scientist devoted to and producing results in biology through the study of life. Typically biologists study organisms and their relationship to their environment. Biologists involved in basic research attempt to discover underlying mechanisms that govern how organisms work. Biologist involved in applied research attempt to develop or improve medical, industrial or agricultural processes.Biology
Biology (from Greek βιολογία - βίος, bios, "life"; -λογία, -logia, study of) is the natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy.[1] The term biology in its modern sense appears to have been introduced independently by Karl Friedrich Burdach (1800), Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus (Biologie oder Philosophie der lebenden Natur, 1802), and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (Hydrogéologie, 1802).[2][3]